Xã hội hoá xử lý nước thải

Th x Thi Ha c thnh lp theo Ngh nh 164/2007/ND- CP ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph

D n H thng thot nc v x l nc thi th x Thi Ha, tnh Ngh An

MC LC

1MC LC

3DANH MC BNG

4DANH MC BIU

51. GII THIU CHUNG

51.1. Mc tiu nghin cu

51.2. Ni dung nghin cu

61.3. Phng php nghin cu v chn mu

61.3.1. Hp on t vn

61.3.2. Thu thp cc thng tin c sn:

71.3.3. Phng php nh gi c s tham gia (MPA):

71.3.4. Phng php iu tra bng bng hi

81.3.5. Phng php quan st

81.3.6. Phng vn ngi cp thng tin ch cht

81.4. Nhng kh khn gp phi trong qu trnh iu tra kinh t- x hi:

91.5. Thi gian thc hin nghin cu

102. HIN TRNG KHU VC D N

102.1. V tr a l v iu kin t nhin

112.2. c im v dn s v bin ng dn s

132.3. c im pht trin kinh t - x hi

132.3.1. C cu pht trin kinh t ca th x Thi Ha

152.3.2. Phn loi giu ngho theo MOLISA v nh gi ca cng ng.

172.3.3. V vn ho, y t, gio dc:

182.4.Tnh hnh s dng nc, thot nc v v sinh mi trng

182.4.1. Ngun nc s dng

182.4.2. Hin trng thot nc:

192.4.3. Hin trng ngp lt

192.4.4. Hin trng thu gom rc:

203. PHN TCH S LIU QUA KT QU IU TRA

203.1. Tnh hnh chung v cc h trong c mu iu tra

203.1.1. V tui

203.1.2. V gii

213.1.3. V trnh hc vn

213.1.4. Quan h vi ch h ca ngi tr li

223.1.5. Quy m h gia nh

233.2. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi

233.2.1. Ngh nghip

243.2.2. Ti sn

253.2.3. Nh , v tr

263.2.4. Thu nhp v chi tiu ca h gia nh

283.2.5. Phn phi chi tiu hng thng theo cc khon chi cho dch v in nc, thot nc v v sinh mi trng.

313.2.6. T nh gi v mc sng ca h gia nh

333.3. Hin trng ngun nc v s dng nc ca h gia nh

333.3.1. Ngun nc v cc mc ch s dng

343.3.2. Cht lng ngun nc qua lng knh cng ng

353.3.3. Nhn thc v s an ton ca ngun nc t h gia nh

363.4. Hin trng nh v sinh ca h gia nh

363.4.1. S lng v nh v sinh hin c:

383.4.2. Nhn thc v tnh trng mt v sinh ca nh v sinh:

393.4.3. Mong mun ci to cc cng trnh v sinh gia nh v kh nng u t

403.5. Hin trng h thng thot nc ma theo nh gi ca cng ng


413.5.2. Nguyn nhn v tc hi ca tnh trng ngp lt

433.6. Hin trng h thng thot nc thi theo nh gi ca cng ng

433.6.1. M t h thng tiu thot nc thi ti a phng

443.6.2. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca cc h gia nh

453.7. Thu gom v x l rc thi trong cng ng dn c

453.7.1.Hin trng thu gom v x l rc thi

473.7.2. Nhn thc v l ch ca dch v thu gom rc thi

483.7.3. S sn lng chi tr cho dch v thu gom rc thi

483.8. Truyn thng v hiu bit, thc hnh ca ngi dn

483.8.1. Cc bnh thng gp a phng c lin quan n iu kin v sinh mi trng

503.8.2. Thng tin gio dc truyn thng v v sinh mi trng ti a phng

523.9. Mong mun v kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc v x l nc thi

523.9.1. Nhn thc v li ch ca h thng tiu thot nc thi

533.9.2. Mong mun u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nh

533.9.3. L do khng u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nh

543.9.4. Ngi quyt nh u ni trong gia nh

543.9.5. S sn lng tham gia ng gp cho vic xy dng h thng tiu thot nc thi.

563.9.6. Kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc ti a phng

573.10. Gii php h ngho tip cn vi dch v thot v x l nc thi

573.10.1. Nhng kh khn thng gp phi ca h ngho

583.10.2. Mong mun c vay vn ci to cng trnh v sinh ca cc h ngho

583.11. Cc xut, nguyn vng ca h gia nh v D n

604. KT LUN V KIN NGH

62PH LC

DANH MC BNG

Trang

10Bng 1. C cu s dng t trn a bn Th x Thi Ha

12Bng 2. Dn s ca Th x Thi Ha tnh n cui nm 2009

12Bng 3. D bo gia tng dn s ca Th x Thi Ha giai on 2020 - 2030

13Bng 4. Tng sn phm GDP theo ngnh ca Th x Thi Ha nm 2009

16Bng 5. Tiu ch phn loi kinh t h gia nh theo nh gi ca cng ng

16Bng 6. Phn loi giu ngho theo MOLISA ca UBND th x v cng ng nh gi

20Bng 7. tui ca ngi tr li bng hi

22Bng 8. Quy m h gia nh trong c mu iu tra

23Bng 9. Bnh qun ngi/h phn theo kinh t h

23Bng 10. Ngh nghip ca ch h trong c mu iu tra

24Bng 11. Loi hnh ti sn ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

26Bng 12. Bnh qun thu nhp hng thng ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

27Bng 13. Bnh qun chi tiu hng thng ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

27Bng 14. T l chi tiu/thu nhp ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

30Bng 15. Tng hp mc chi trung bnh cho in, nc ca cc h gia nh

31Bng 16. Tiu ch phn loi mc sng theo nh gi ca cng ng

32Bng 17. Phn loi mc sng theo nh gi ca cng ng v ca iu tra vin

33Bng 18. nh gi s ngun nc s dng ca cc h gia nh phn theo mc sng

33Bng 19. nh gi mc ch s dng ca cc loi ngun nc ca cng ng

35Bng 20. Nhn thc ca cng ng v cht lng ngun nc ang s dng

35Bng 21. Nhn thc ca cng ng v nguyn nhn lm cho ngun nc cha sch

36Bng 22. nh gi v s lng h gia nh c nh v sinh phn theo mc sng

36Bng 23. L do khng c nh v sinh

37Bng 24. T l cc loi hnh nh v sinh h gia nh

38Bng 25. nh gi ca cng ng v tnh trng v sinh ca cng trnh v sinh

39Bng 26. Mong mun xy dng ci to nh v sinh ca h gia nh theo mc sng

40Bng 27. Nguyn nhn khng mun ci to nh v sinh phn theo mc sng

41Bng 28. nh gi cc nguyn nhn dn n ngp lt ti khu vc d n

42Bng 29. nh gi ca cng ng v tc hi ca l lt gy ra ti a phng

43Bng 30. M t h thng cng rnh ca h gia nh

44Bng 31. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca cc h gia nh phn theo mc sng

46Bng 32. nh gi v cch x l rc thi ca cc h gia nh

47Bng 33. nh gi mong mun tham gia dch v thu gom rc thi ca cng ng

49Bng 34. Cc loi bnh thng gp a phng

50Bng 35. Nhn thc ca cng ng v cc nguyn nhn gy bnh

51Bng 36. nh gi cc vn mi trng ti a phng ca ngi dn

52Bng 37. Cc knh thng tin tuyn truyn v vn v sinh mi trng ti a phng

52Bng 38. Nhn thc ca cng ng v li ch ca cng trnh tiu thot nc thi

53Bng 39. Mong mun u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca cng ng

54Bng 40. Cc l do khng u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nh

54Bng 41. Vai tr quyt nh s dng dch v tiu thot nc ca h gia nh

55Bng 42. nh gi s sn lng chi tr cho dch v tiu thot nc

56Bng 43. Mc chi tr trung bnh cho dch v thot nc phn theo mc sng

57Bng 44. nh gi v mc chi tr tin thot nc hng thng phn theo mc sng

57Bng 45. Nhng kh khn h ngho gp phi trong cuc sng

DANH MC BIU

Trang10Biu 1. C cu s dng t ca th x Thi Ha

11Biu 2. Din bin nhit v lng ma cc thng trong nm 2008

12Biu 3. D bo dn s th x Thi Ha giai on 2010 - 2030

13Biu 4. C cu kinh t ca th x Thi Ha nm 2009

16Biu 5. Phn loi kinh t h theo MOLISA v theo nh gi ca cng ng

21Biu 6. T l nam n tham gia tr li phng vn

21Biu 7. T l trnh hc vn ca ngi tr li bng hi

22Biu 8. T l quan h vi ch h ca ngi tr li bng hi

25Biu 9. Loi hnh nh trong c mu iu tra

28Biu 10. T l chi tiu/thu nhp ca h gia nh trong mu iu tra

29Biu 11. Mc chi dung cho in ca cc nhm h (n v: VN)

29Biu 12. Mc chi dung cho nc ca cc nhm h

30Biu 13. So snh mc chi tr cho in, nc, v sinh mi trng ca cc nhm h

32Biu 14. Phn loi kinh t h theo nh gi ca cng ng v iu tra vin

37Biu 15. Cc loi hnh nh v sinh ca h gia nh

40Biu 16. Mc u t xy dng- ci to nh v sinh

41Biu 17. Tnh trng ngp lt ti a phng theo nh gi ca cng ng

42Biu 18: nh gi cc nguyn nhn gy ra lt

44Biu 19. Hin trng cng thot nc theo nh gi ca cng ng

45Biu 20. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca h gia nh trong c mu

47Biu 21. Cch x l rc thi ca h gia nh

48Biu 22. S sn lng ng gp cho xy dng h thng thu gom rc thi

49Biu 23. Cc bnh lin quan n iu kin thot nc v v sinh mi trng

55Biu 24. S sn lng chi tr cho dch v tiu thot nc

56Biu 25. Mc chi tr trung bnh cho cc dch v thot nc (VN)

59Biu 26. Nhng kin ng gp/nguyn vng ca ngi dn a phng v d n.

1. GII THIU CHUNGTh x Thi Ha c thnh lp theo Ngh nh 164/2007/ND- CP ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph, bao gm 4 phng v 6 x, trn c s m rng th trn Thi Ha c ca huyn Ngha n. Th x Thi Ha xa kia l Ph l ca Ph Qu, l a phng ni ting v ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph, thun li cho pht trin kinh t. Theo quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi t nay n nm 2015 th x Thi Ha phn u tr thnh trung tm kinh t, vn ha, x hi, y t gio dc v o to, ti chnh ngn hng ca vng ty bc Ngh An v tr thnh thnh ph loi 3 ca vng kinh t Bc Trung B.Tuy nhin, hin nay c s vt cht k thut ca th x Thi Ha cn rt yu km, cha tng xng vi tim nng v nhu cu pht trin ca Th x. V vy, u tin hng u ca th x l pht trin ng b c s h tng x hi v h tng k thut, trong c h thng thot nc v x l nc thi ng b, hin i.Th x Thi Ha c Chnh ph ph duyt, cho php s dng ngun vn ODA ca Ngn hng th gii (WB) xy dng h thng thot nc v x l nc thi cho ton b khu vc th x, gii quyt c bn vn thot nc th v nhim mi trng do nc thi ng gy ra.

c nhng d liu cn thit phc v cng tc thit k, trin khai d n c hiu qu, mt cuc iu tra kinh t - x hi c trin khai trn a bn thc hin d n bao gm 4 phng: phng Ha Hiu, Quang Phong, Quang Tin, Long Sn, v 4 x: x Ngha Tin, Ngha M, Ty Tin v ng Hiu.

1.1. Mc tiu nghin cu

Mc tiu ca vic kho st kinh t- x hi nhm:

M t thc trng kinh t- x hi, mc sng, c cu ngnh ngh, trnh hc vn, y t - gio dc, cc thi quen v v sinh mi trng, thi quen trong vic s dng nc sch v x nc thi vo mi trng.

M t hin trng thot nc ma v tnh trng ngp ng cc b ti a phng

M t hin trng h thng thot nc thi, hin trng thu gom v x l nc thi

M t hin trng thu gom, qun l v x l rc thi

Cc loi bnh tt c lin quan n iu kin thot nc v v sinh mi trng

Tm hiu mong mun v kh nng chi tr ca cng ng cho cc dch v mi trng, c bit l s sn lng tham gia vo h thng thot nc v x l nc thi tp trung ca th x v s sn lng chi tr cho dch v ny.

1.2. Ni dung nghin cu

Cc thng tin chung v h gia nh (s ngi, tui, trnh hc vn, ngh nghip...); tnh hnh kinh t h gia nh (thu nhp, mc sng...) nhm phn tch cc yu t lin quan khc v iu kin thot nc v v sinh mi trng.

Tnh trng thot nc thi ca h gia nh: cc ngun tip nhn nc thi, lng nc thi x thi hng thng, cc khon u t vn thot nc v v sinh h gia nh,...

Hin trng v sinh mi trng, sc kho v nhn thc, thc hnh ca ngi dn v v sinh mi trng.

Mong mun v kh nng chi tr v dch v thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi, cc cng trnh v sinh.

Nh vy, hot ng iu tra, kho st iu kin kinh t- x hi cho D n H thng thot nc v x l nc thi th x Thi Ha, tnh Ngh An ngoi vic xc nh mong mun ca cng ng c s dng dch v thot nc v x l nc thi, kh nng chi tr cho s dng dch v cn a ra nhiu nh gi khc v tnh hnh kinh t- x hi ti a phng, to c s lp ra cc phng n kh thi v bn vng trong cung cp dch v thot nc.

1.3. Phng php nghin cu v chn mu1.3.1. Hp on t vn

Bao gm i din ca UBND th x, Ban Qun l d n u t v xy dng th x Thi Ha, UBND cc phng/x v i din ca cc ban ngnh on th ti a phng.

Mc ch ca cuc hp ny nhm gip cc bn tham gia hiu r v khi nim, tiu ch, cc hot ng v chng trnh c th nhm hng n vic quyt nh thc hin D n.

Ngy 5 thng 2 nm 2010 ti Hi trng UBND th x Thai Ha din ra cuc hp ca nhm t vn vi lnh o UBND cc phng/x, cc t chc on th ca cc phng nh: Hi ph n, Hi nng dn, on thanh nin, Mt trn t quc, Hi cu chin binh, cn b y t phng, i din cc t dn c. Ti cuc hp, cc i biu nht tr v ch trng, k hoch lm vic v cam kt ng h d n, cam kt s cung cp thng tin v tch cc tham gia vo cng tc iu tra kho st trn a bn, cc cng vic c lin quan n D n.

1.3.2. Thu thp cc thng tin c sn:

Cc thng tin thu thp c trn a bn thc hin D n:

Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v kinh t - x hi nm 2008, 2009 ca UBND cc phng, x; Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v kinh t - x hi nm 2008, 2009 ca UBND th x v k hoch pht trin kinh t- x hi th x Thi Ha giai on 2011 2015;

Nin gim thng k th x Thi Ha nm 2008, 2009; Cc s liu v dn s, gio dc y t thu thp c ti UBND cc phng, x nm trong khu vc D n c cp nht trong vng 3 nm gn nht;Cc s liu thng k cn thit, c bn c cung cp y , thun li cho vic phn tch, nh gi tnh hnh kinh t - x hi ca Th x ni chung v trn a bn cc phng/x thuc phm vi nghin cu ca D n ni ring. 1.3.3. Phng php nh gi c s tham gia (MPA):

S dng cc cng c nh gi mc giu ngho theo tiu ch ca cng ng, xy dng bn cng ng, nh gi nhu cu u t, nh gi kh nng chi tr ca ngi dn i vi dch v thot nc v x l nc thi.Cc i biu c mi tham gia bui tho lun bao gm: cn b lnh o cc phng, i din Hi ph n, on thanh nin, Mt trn T quc, y t, cc t trng khu ph v i din mt s h gia nh. Cc h ngho v trung bnh c ch trng, quan tm hn trong vic mi tham gia tho lun v ly kin.

Bui tho lun din ra vo bui chiu ngy 5/2/2010. Ti y, cc cn b n v t vn thay mt Ch u t trnh by tm tt nhng ni dung chnh ca d n v a ra nhng ni dung cn tho lun v nhng yu cu i vi vn cn tho lun.

Di s hng dn ca cn b T vn, cc i biu cng nhau tho lun v cc vn :

nh gi mc giu ngho theo tiu ch ca cng ng: Phn loi h theo cc nhm kinh t da vo cc c im nh: Nh , hc vn, ngh nghip, thnh phn dn tc, thu nhp bnh qun Cc i biu tho lun v thng nht cc tiu ch phn loi. Cc kin trong bui tho lun c tng kt v ghi chp li.

Xy dng bn giu - ngho: Cc i biu tho lun xc nh ni c tr ca cc h gia nh thuc cc nhm thnh phn kinh t: giu, trung bnh, ngho trn bn khu vc nghin cu ca D n. Nhng ni c ngi ngho c tr c t mu en, khu vc mu xanh l khu vc dn c c mc sng trung bnh, mu l mu biu tng cho ni c tr ca nhng h gia nh kh, giu.

nh gi nhu cu u t v kh nng chi tr: Mi i biu c mt trong bui tho lun c pht 2 ming ba mu ghi li kin ca mnh v nhu cu u t ca a phng v kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc v v sinh mi trng. Cc kin a ra c dn ln bng cc i biu cng tho lun v thng nht xc nh th t cc hng mc u tin cn u t ti a phng; kh nng chi tr hng thng cho vic s dng dch v thot nc v v sinh mi trng theo tng nhm h ngho - trung bnh - kh, giu.

Kho st ct ngang: S dng cc kt qu ca vic xy dng bn v cng ng kho st ct ngang. Mc ch ca cng vic ny xc nh nhu cu thc s ca vic u t xy dng h thng thot nc cho th x v kim tra thng tin thu c qua vic xy dng bn v cng ng.

1.3.4. Phng php iu tra bng bng hi

Phng php iu tra bng bng hi: Khong 5% s h gia nh trong phm vi nghin cu ca D n c phng vn bng bng hi. Cc h c la chn phng vn theo phng php phn khong. Cn c vo danh sch cc h gia nh do UBND cc phng/x cung cp, cc iu tra vin tin hnh phng vn cc h gia nh theo th t c cch 15 h gia nh, phng vn mt h gia nh. Nh vy th th cc h c phng vn s l: 1,15, 30, 45, 50 Mt s lng mu d phng (10% mu n nh) cng c chn ra thay th trong trng hp khng th tip cn s h no trong s mu n nh. Tuy nhin, s thay th ny s c hn ch mt cch ti a m bo tnh i din ngu nhin, khch quan.

Cc iu tra c la chn tham gia vo hot ng iu tra kho st, l nhng cn b t vn chuyn v iu tra x hi hc phi hp cng cc cn b ti a phng bao gm cn b hi ph n, on thanh nin, cn b vn ha v cc cn b thn, t trng dn s. Vi s la chn ny, on kho st pht huy ti a kh nng khai thc v thu thp thng tin trong cng ng. S lng iu tra vin c la chn cng tham gia l 12 ngi v c cn b on t vn tp hun, kim tra vic thc hnh phng vn trc khi bc vo thc hin kho st tht. Qu trnh kho st cng c t vn h tr v k thut v c gim st cht ch m bo tnh trung thc ca kt qu kho st. Tng s h c kho st l 1201 h. Thi gian tin hnh kho st t ngy 6/2/2010 n 26/2/2010. Cc bng hi c thu thp v v x l trn phn mm thng k SPSS 18.

1.3.5. Phng php quan st

Mc ch ca vic quan st l nhm tm hiu iu kin sng thc ca cc h gia nh: Nh ca, tin nghi sinh hot, cc loi ngun nc hin ang c s dng, hin trng thot nc, iu kin v sinh mi trng v cc thi quen sinh hot c lin quan n v sinh. Thi gian quan st mi h gia nh khong 1 gi bao gm c vic hi thm sc kho v cc vn khc trong cuc sng. i tng quan st phi cc loi hnh h: h kh/giu, h trung bnh v h ngho hoc cc h lm ngnh ngh khc nhau: Cng chc nh nc, bun bn, kinh doanh, cc h khng c vic lm n nh

1.3.6. Phng vn ngi cp thng tin ch cht

Ngi c la chn cung cp thng tin ch cht l i din cn b UBND cc phng/x nm trong khu vc nghin cu ca d n. Thi gian dnh cho phng vn cc i din ny khong 30 pht/ngi.

1.4. Nhng kh khn gp phi trong qu trnh iu tra kinh t- x hi:

i) iu tra v c cu ngnh ngh ca Ch h: Mt s ngi khi tr li phng vn khng ni chnh xc v cng vic mnh ang lm, c bit nhng ngi ph n nh lm ni tr v c bun bn nh, lm thu lm mn (bn hng ti gia nh, bn nc), h thng tr li l khng lm vic hoc khng i lm. Nhng trn thc t, nhng ngi ny c lm vic v c ng gp vo thu nhp ca h gia nh. Nh vy, c th thy rng c rt nhiu ngi c quan im sai tri v vic i lm. H cho rng i lm ngha l phi n c quan, cng s, n nh myv lm nhng cng vic n nh. iu ny, gy kh khn cho cc iu tra vin v ngi x l thng tin trn bng hi.

ii) Khi nghin cu v thu nhp v c cu thu chi ca cc h gia nh cng gp nhiu kh khn. Cc h thng khng lit k chi tit tt c cc khon thu chi trong gia nh, c bit i vi cc khon thu khng thng xuyn. V vy, vic xc nh thu nhp bnh qun ca cc h gia nh theo thng hoc theo nm rt kh khn. Mc d trong c cu bng hi c cu hi cc h gia nh t nh gi v mc sng ca gia nh. Tuy nhin, y l vn t nh nn c nhng gia nh a ra cu tr li khim tn hn so vi mc sng thc. Ngc li, c nhng h kinh t ch xp vo din ngho, trung bnh th cc h ny li nh gi gia nh mnh c mc sng bnh thng hoc kh. V vy, kt qu nh gi v thu nhp v mc sng ch c tnh cht tng i.

iii) Mc d cc iu tra vin c tp hun v thc hnh phng vn, nhng do thi gian thc hin vic iu tra kho st khng nhiu, cc iu tra vin cn t kinh nghim nn cng gp phi khng t kh khn, c bit l trong vic gii thch cc cu hi c lin quan n kh nng chi tr ca b con khi tham gia u ni vo h thng thot nc chung ca th x.

1.5. Thi gian thc hin nghin cu

Thi gian tin hnh iu tra kho st qua bng hi cc h gia nh phc v cho vic lp d n t 6/2/2010 n 26/2/2010.2. HIN TRNG KHU VC D N 2.1. V tr a l v iu kin t nhin

Th x Thi Ha nm vng Ty Bc tnh Ngh An c ta a l t 19013 n 19033 v Bc v 105018 n 105035 kinh ng; cch thnh ph Vinh 90km v pha Ty. Pha Bc, pha Nam v pha Ty gip vi huyn Ngha n. Pha ng gip vi hai huyn Qunh Lu v Ngha n, l ni giao nhau ca hai con ng giao thng chin lc quan trng, l Quc l 48 v ng H Ch Minh; Quc l 15A, h giao thng tnh l, huyn lrt thun li cho vic i li, giao thng.Th x Thi Ha bao gm 4 phng v 6 x, bao gm: 4 phng Ha Hiu, Long Sn, Quang Tin, Quang Phong, v 6 x Ngha Tin, Ty Hiu, Ngha M, ng Hiu, Ngha Ha, Ngha Thun. Tng din tch t t nhin l 13.518,8 ha chim 0,82% din tch t nhin ca tnh Ngh An. Trong , din tch t nng nghip n nm 2010 l 9.984,5 ha, din tch t phi nng nghip 3.240,9ha, din tch t cha s dng 293,4ha.Bng 1. C cu s dng t trn a bn Th x Thi Ha

Cc loi tDin tchT l

t nng nghip9984.573.9%

t phi nng nghip3240.924.0%

t cha s dng293.42.2%

Tng13518.8

Biu 1. C cu s dng t ca th x Thi Ha

(Ngun: iu kin t nhin v d bo cc ngun lc pht trin kinh t x hi Bo co k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi th x Thi Ha giai on 2011 - 2015)Kh hu Thi Ha mang c trng ca kh hu vng ni pha Ty, chia thnh 2 ma r rt ma h nng m ma nhiu v ma ng lnh kh hn vi 2 hng gi ch o gi ma ng Bc v gi ma Ty Nam, nhit trung bnh hng nm cao t 23 250, m trung bnh nm 83%. Lng ma trung bnh nm 1.4757mm, lng ma phn b khng u, ma tp trung vo cc thng 8- 9- 10 gy ngp ng cc vng thp ven sng Hiu; ma kh lng ma thp gy ra kh hn ko di. Nhn chung, tnh Ngh An ni chung v th x Thi Ha ni ring l vng chu nh hng ca bo. Gi bo ti khu vc th x c th t ti 25- 35m/s. Nhit trung bnh nm 23,70 C.

Nhit ti cao tuyt i: 420 C.

Nhit ti thp tuyt i: 60 C. (trong v ng Xun s ngy nhit < 150 C l 30 ngy)

Biu 2. Din bin nhit v lng ma cc thng trong nm 2008

2.2. c im v dn s v bin ng dn s* Dn s:

Tng dn s ton th x Thi Ha c n cui nm 2009 l 102.119 ngi vi 24.739 h, bnh qun s ngi trong h gia nh theo kt qu iu tra kinh t - x hi phc v d n, thng 3/2010 l 4,09 ngi/h. S dn tc thiu s l 5.751 ngi; t l tng dn s t nhin nm 2009 l 0,56%.

C cu dn s n nm 2010 t l dn c khu vc ni th chim hn 44% so vi tng dn s, d kin s tng nhanh ln trn 50% n nm 2015; C cu dn s nm 2010 theo tui cng thay i theo hng t l dn s nhm di 15 tui gim dn, trong khi t l nhm dn s t 15 60 tui tng ln so vi nm 2008, 2009.

Bng 2. Dn s ca Th x Thi Ha tnh n cui nm 2009

STTTn phngS nhn khu

(ngi)S h

1Phng Ha Hiu 16.271 3.930

2Phng Quang Phong 6.248 1.616

3Phng Long Sn 6.905 1.728

4Phng Quang Tin 14.337 3.942

5X Ngha M 8.070 1.830

6X ng Hiu 11.406 2.964

7X Ty Hiu 11.970 3.066

8X Ngha Tin 5.580 1.355

9X Ngha Ha 3.774 803

10X Ngha Thun 16.620 3.957

11Lc lng khc 939 -

Tng cng 102.119 24.739

* Bin ng dn s:

Vi t l gia tng dn s t nhin d bo bnh qun nm t 2009 2020 l 0,8%/nm v bnh qun nm t 2020 2030 l 0,6%/nm th d bo dn s ca Th x Thi Ha c chi tit trong bng sau:

Bng 3. D bo gia tng dn s ca Th x Thi Ha giai on 2020 - 2030

Nm 2009

(ngi)Nm 2015

(ngi)Nm 2020

(ngi)Nm 2025

(ngi)Nm 2030

(ngi)

102,119108,298113,677118,112122,682

Biu 3. D bo dn s th x Thi Ha giai on 2010 - 2030

2.3. c im pht trin kinh t - x hi2.3.1. C cu pht trin kinh t ca th x Thi HaTc tng trng kinh t (GDP) bnh qun ca Th x giai on 2007 2009 n nh mc 16 17; c cu kinh t dch chuyn chm theo hng gim dn t trng ngnh Nng, Lm, Thy sn v tng kh t trng ngnh Cng nghip, Xy dng.

Tng gi tr sn xut nm 2009 theo gi c nh nm 1994 ca Th x l 580.324 triu ng, vt 0,9% so vi k hoch nm; theo gi tr hin hnh l 1.332.422 triu ng, vt 1,2% so vi k hoch nm. C th cc ngnh nh sau:

Bng 4. Tng sn phm GDP theo ngnh ca Th x Thi Ha nm 2009

STTNgnhGi tr sn xut (triu ng)

Gi C 1994Gi hin hnh

1Nng, lm nghip v thy sn80.264204.095

2Cng nghip, xy dng

- Trong : Cng nghip180.020

100.191420.407

192.182

3Thng mi, dch v320.040707.920

Tng cng580.3242.332.422

Trong :

+ Nng Lm Thy sn chim: 15,3%

+ Cng nghip TTCN Xy dng chim: 31,6%

+ Thng mi Dch v - Du lch chim: 53,1%

Biu 4. C cu kinh t ca th x Thi Ha nm 2009

(Ngun: Bo co kinh t- x hi th x Thi Ha nm 2009)* Ngnh sn xut nng- lm nghip v thy sn:

Tng sn xut nng nghip nm 2009 t 80.264 ng (theo gi C 1994), 204.095 triu ng (theo gi hin hnh).V trng trt

Th x Thi Ha c iu kin t nhin thun li cho vic pht trin cc cu cng nghip c gi tr kinh cao nh cao su, c ph, cam Nm 2009 din tch trng cy cao su l 1.200 ha, c ph din tch l 800 ha v cam din tch l 35ha.Tuy nhin do thi tit u nm rt m ko di nn nh hng rt ln n nng sut cng nh cht lng ca sn phm

Tng sn lng lng thc t 9.153,6 tn trong thc t 7.641,6 tnV chn nui

Hin nay, th x Thi Ho ang pht trin m hnh trang tri chn nui nui ln siu nc vi quy m ln v cng ty c phn sa Vit Nam (Vnamilk) ang hon tt vic xy dng trang tri b sa x ng Hiu vi quy m 4.000 con b sa. iu ny y mnh s pht trin ca n gia sc ca th x. Tng n gia sc hin nay l 20.885 con trong gm c: 4.595 con tru, 5.950 con b v 10.340 con lnV thy sn

Vi din tch 326 ha ch yu l nui th cc loi c nc ngt tp trung ch yu cc vng Ngha Thun, Ngha Ha. Trong giai on hin nay phng Kinh t, trung tm khuyn nng th x kt hp vi UBND x Ngha Thun xy dng m hnh nui c tra thng phm (2.000 m2)

V lm nghip

Pht trin kinh t rng l u tin trong pht trin kinh t ca th x Thi Ha. Din tch rng hin c trn a bn l 3.726 ha, Tng tr lng g khong 100.000 m3 (cha tnh na, mt, tre)

Tng din tch t c th phc v cho mc tiu pht trin lm nghip l kh ln vo khong 4.073,9 ha chim 30,14% tng din tch t t nhin.

* Ngnh sn xut cng nghip tiu th cng nghip:

Gi tr sn xut nm 2008 t 146.034 triu ng (theo gi C nm 1994), 338.779 triu ng (theo gi hin hnh).

Trn a bn c gm 200 doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh ang hot ng. Mt s sn phm cng nghip ch yu ca th x nh: bazan 52.000 tn, ch bin lmt 2.000 tn, thc n gia sc, gia cm 4.500 tn, s ch m cao su 875 tn, s ch c ph 945 tn, nng c cm tay 40.000 ci, may mc sn 62.000 ci, mc m ngh 95m3

Khu cng nghip nh Ngha M i vo hot ng. Hin nay c 4 doanh nhip u t, trong c 2 doanh nghip i vo hot ng sn xut bt siu mn, 2 danh nghip ang u t c s vt cht. Hai lng ngh ca th x l: Lng ngh Tn Quyt, thuc phng Ha Hiu v lng ngh mc thuc phng Quang Phong tip tc duy tr ng gp vo ngn sch, gp phn tng thu nhp nng cao i sng v gii quyt vic lm cho ngi dn trong khu vc.V lnh vc xy dng c bn: tip tc c y nhanh tin cc cng trnh trng im nh; Nh my nc sch Thi Ha, k b sng Hiu, ng giao thng nng thn vc Ging khe Son, trang tri b sa Vinamilk, cc tun ng giao thng ni thi

* Ngnh Thng mi- dch v - du lch:

Thng mi

Hot ng thng mi dch v ca Thi Ha pht trin a dng, th trng hng ha trn a bn th x phong ph, lu thng hng ha nhn nhp p ng c nhu cu sn xut cng nh tiu dng ca ngi dn.

Tng mc bn l hng ha v doanh thu dch v t nm 2009 ca th x t 727.000 triu ng vt 15,8% so vi k hoch. Hin nay th x c 54 doanh nghip v 3.004 h kinh doanh thng mi.

Du lch

Th x Thi Ha c tim nng du lch rt ln, cc khu du lch nh : Khu du lch lng Vc, Lm vin Bu Sen. Nhng hin ti th cha khai thc hiu qu c tim nng ny do cha c quan tm, u t thch ng.

Giao thng vn ti

Do nhu cu vn chuyn hng ha ngy cng tng, nng lc vn ti ngy cng c nng cao, hin nay th x c hn 370 phng tin vn ti ng b v hng chc phng tin vn ti ng sng. Khi lng v cht lng vn ti u tng.2.3.2. Phn loi giu ngho theo MOLISA v nh gi ca cng ng.Theo bo co ca UBND th x Thi Ha v tnh hnh thc hin nhim v pht trin kinh t - x hi ca Th x nm 2009, t l h ngho nm 2009 theo chun ngho quy nh ti Quyt nh s 170/2005/Q-TTg ngy 08 thng 7 nm 2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic iu chnh chun ngho p dng cho giai on 2006-2010 chim 4,45% (1107 h/24.739 h).

S dng phng php nh gi ngho c s tham gia ca cng ng (phng php PPA) do nhm t vn tin hnh, qua tho lun cng ng a ra tiu ch phn loi kinh t h gia nh da trn thu nhp bnh qun u ngi/thng, tiu ch c th theo bng tiu ch phn loi kinh t h sau:

Bng 5. Tiu ch phn loi kinh t h gia nh theo nh gi ca cng ng

STTLoi kinh t h gia nhThu nhp bnh qun u ngi/thng

1H ngho2,000,000 VN

(Ngun: Tho lun nhm ti Th x Thi Ha, thng 3/2010)

Da trn cc tiu ch nh gi trn, cc h gia nh trn a bn th x Thi Ha c phn loi theo mc sng nh bng sau:

Bng 6. Phn loi giu ngho theo MOLISA ca UBND th x v cng ng nh gi

Phn loi giu ngho theo MOLISA v UBND th x (VN/ngi/thng)

NghoTrung bnhKh/giuTng s

Thu nhpS hT l

(%)Thu nhpS hT l

(%)Thu nhpS hT l

(%)S hT l

(%)

< 260,000 1,107 4.45T 261,000 n 800,000 6,482 26.2>800,000 17,156 69.35 24,739 100

Phn loi giu ngho theo nh gi ca cng ng (VN/ngi/thng)

1,500,000 12,394 50.1 24,739 100

Biu 5. Phn loi kinh t h theo MOLISA v theo nh gi ca cng ng

V cng tc xa i gim ngho ca Th x trong nhng nm gn y c nhng bc pht trin vt bc, i sng nhn dn ngy cng c ci thin k c v vt cht v tinh thn. Gi tr sn xut bnh qun u ngi t kh cao: 19,2 triu (tnh theo gi hin hnh). Cc chng trnh an sinh x hi, xa i gim ngho c thc hin tt nn t l h ngho c gim ng k vi mc trung bnh ca c tnh Ngh An. Nm 2010, Th x tip tc thc hin cc bin php xa i gim ngho, nh:

To iu kin cho ngi ngho pht trin sn xut, tng thu nhp thng qua vic h tr t sn xut, tn dng u i, hng dn v kin thc, t chc sn xut, o to dy ngh, xut khu lao ng,

Thc hin cc chnh sch h tr ngi ngho v y t, gio dng, nc sch sinh hot,

Nng cao nng lc v nhn thc ca cng ng nh: xy dng cc chng trnh hot ng truyn thng, o to cn b lm cng tc gim ngho,2.3.3. V vn ho, y t, gio dc:

Cng tc gio dc o to:S nghip gio dc lun c quan tm hng u v quy m v cht lng. Mng li trng hc, lp hc c u t xy dng, mua sm trang thit b dy v hc p ng cho nhu cu hc tp. Tch cc i mi phng php dy hc, m bo s dng c hiu qu thit b v dng dy hc. i mi cng tc thanh tra, kim tra nhm khng ngng nng cao cht lng ging dy ca i ng cn b, gio vin. Cht lng gio dc ton din ngy cng c nng cao.

Hin ti, th x c 01 trng Trung cp kinh t k thut min Ty (Trng dy ngh Ph Qu); 01 trung tm gio dc thng xuyn; 04 trng PTTH (trong c 01 trng dn lp); 09 trng THCS; 11 trng tiu hc; 08 trng mn non. Ton th x c 32 trng ( vi 04 cp hc) trong c 09 trng t chun quc gia.

- V gio dc vn ha nm hc 2008 -2009: Bc tiu hc c 18% xp loi gii, 37% xp loi kh, trung bnh 39% v yu l 6%. T l hon thnh chng trnh tiu hc l 3.013/3.249 (t 91,4%); Thi tt nghip THPT trng THPT Ngha m :67,67%; trng THPT ng Hiu: 58%; trng THPT Ty Hiu: 51%; trng THPTDL Sng Hiu: 26%; trung tm GDTX: 20%.

- V gio dc mi nhn:

Hc sinh xp loi vn ha gii cp tiu hc t 18%, THCS l 4,1%, THPT l 0,7%. Hc sinh THCS t hc sinh gii cp huyn l 145 em, hc sinh gii cp tnh l 44 em (trong c 2 em t gi nht, 4 em t gii nh, 13 em t gii ba). Hc sinh gii cp THPT c 46 em. Y t:V c s vt cht: Tt c cc phng/x u c trm y t.

V Nhn lc: T l phng x c Bc s t 50%/60% k hoch. Hot ng khm cha bnh trn a bn tip tc c y mnh. Cht lng khm cha bn tng bc c nng cao. Trong 6 thng u nm 2008 cng tc khm cha bnh ti bnh vin a khoa t: 62.854 lt bnh nhn, t 52,4% k hoch nm, s bnh nhn iu tr ni tr l: 7.464 lt ngi, t l s dng ging bnh t 111,7%. H thng y t x, phng khm cha bnh cho 57.814 ngi, iu tr ni tr cho 1.157 ngi, h thng khm cha bnh ngoi cng lp tip tc phc v nhu cu khm cha bnh cho nhn dn.Cng tc y t d phng c tng cng, thc hin tt trn a bn nn khng c dch bnh xy ra, v sinh an ton thc phm c thit cht. Hin nay, c 4 phng, x t chun Quc gia v y t bao gm: Ha Hiu, Ngha Thun, ng Hiu v Ty Hiu; t t l 40% trn tng s x phng. Vn ha th thao mi trng:Phong tro ton dn on kt tham gia xy dng i sng vn ha tip tc c y mnh. Cuc vn ng hc tp v lm theo tm gng o c H Ch Minh v vn ng xy dng np sng vn ha, gia nh vn ha, np sng vn minh th, bi tr m tn d oan. V vy trt t an ton x hi trn a bn th x c m bo. T l gia nh t danh hiu gia nh vn ha l 82% so vi k hoch.Cng tc trng v bo v rng c quan tm ng mc, nhiu chng trnh trng rng kt hp vi pht trin kinh t c thc hin c hiu qu nh d n 5 triu ha rng. Mi trng sinh thi ngy cng c ci thin, t l che ph ca rng c nng ln ng k. Tuy nhin cng tc thu gom v s l rc thi, h thng thot nc cn nhiu hn ch cha p ng c nhu cu v vy mc nhim do rc thi v nc thi khu vc ni th v lng ngh cn cao.

2.4.Tnh hnh s dng nc, thot nc v v sinh mi trng

2.4.1. Ngun nc s dng

Hin nay th x Thi Ha c h thng cp nc tp trung cng sut 4000 m3/ngy/m. Ngun nc sch s dng ti th x Thi Ha c khai thc t nc sng Hiu, nc bm ln c a vo trm bm cp 1 xy dng cnh b sng Hiu ti xm Quyt Thng qua qu trnh x l ri c a i tiu th.

H thng ng ng phn phi nc sch hin c bao gm cc loi ng c kch thc t 100mm n 300mm, chiu di khong 8500m.

Vi cng sut thp, mng ng ng xy dng cn qu t nh hin nay, Cng ty cp nc Thi Ha ch p ng c mt phn nh nhu cu s dng nc sch ca nhn dn a phng. i a s dn s dng ngun nc ging khi, ging khoan v ngun nc mt ao h, sng sui. 2.4.2. Hin trng thot nc:

Hin ti h thng thot nc ca th x Thi Ha cn rt thiu v yu. H thng thot nc ch yu mi c u t xy dng mt s tuyn cng, mng xy np an dc theo cc tuyn ng v tp trung ch yu ti khu vc trung tm ch yu ti khu vc trung tm hnh chnh ca huyn Ngha n v tuyn quc l 48. Cn li tt c cc khu vc cn li ca th x hu nh cha c xy dng h thng thot nc. Cc h gia nh t ng x nc thi sinh hot ra bn ngoi nh mnh vo nhng ni thun li nht nh x ra vn, h ao, sng sui quanh nh. Do vy, nc thi t h gia nh ra khng c kim sot gy ra tnh trng nhim cho mi trng xung quanh, nhim cho cc ngun tip nhn v nh hng n cuc sng ca chnh nhng ngi dn.

Nc thi t bnh vin, trng hc, c quan, ni cng cng cng c thi trc tip xung h thng thot nc c v cc mng rnh t nhin chy v ra sng.


Ti th x Thi Ha cn tn ti mt s im thng xuyn xy ra tnh trng ngp lt. Nhng im ny cn phi gii quyt mt cch trit , gim thiu nh hng n v sinh mi trng cng nh i sng sinh hot, giao thng ca nhn dn. Nhng a im thng xuyn xy ra ngp lt nh sau:

Khu vc ng 5 trn Quc l 48 thuc a phn phng Ha Hiu. L ni m tnh trng ngp lt din ra thng xuyn mi khi th x c trn ma ln gy nh hng ln n sinh hot, v sinh mi trng v giao thng gy bc xc cho nhn dn trong th x.

Khu vc trn Quc l 15A thuc a phn phng Quang Tin gn vi x Ngha Tin (on gn cng ty cao su) cng thng xuyn b ngp lt gy nh hng nghim trng n sinh hot cu ngi dn c bit y l tuyn giao thng QL15A

Thi gian ngp lt thng ko di khong 1-5 ting, su ngp lt khong 0,3-0,7m vi din tch ngp lt trung bnh khong 0,5ha.2.4.4. Hin trng thu gom rc:

Hin nay vic thu gom rc thi v cc loi cht thi rn trn a bn th x do t v sinh t nhn m trch v chu s ch o ca UBND th x. Trung bnh mt tun, t v sinh i thu gom 3 ln, khi lng rc thi v cc loi cht thi rn c thu gom vo khong 2- 2,5 tn/ln. T v sinh vn chuyn khi lng rc v cht thi rn thu gom c ti ti khe ni gn ngha trang nhn dn. Do ngun nhn lc cn yu, c s vt cht cn thiu nn vic thu gom rc trn a bn th x vn cn nhiu bt cp. Phm vi thu gom rc cn nh mi thc hin c cc khu trung tm ca th x l dc cc tuyn quc l 48 v quc l 15.

Ton b lng rc sau khi thu gom c tp trung ti khe ni sau ngha trang nhn dn ca th x. Thc cht y ch l ni thi, khng c chn lp hp v sinh, cc bin php x l s si (phun thuc dit mui, t mt phn). Hin nay bi rc ang gy nhim mi trng v c nguy c gy nhim nghim trng do nh hng ca mi hi thi, nc r t bi rc mi khi ma xung. Qu trnh t rc ti bi x l cng nh hng rt ln n mi trng khng kh do cc loi khi thi.

Cc khu vc dn c cn li ca th x cc gia nh thng t x l, bng nhiu bin php khc nhau, hoc thng xung sng, sui hoc t chn t trong vn nh, hoc ra cc khu t trng ven ng.

3. PHN TCH S LIU QUA KT QU IU TRA3.1. Tnh hnh chung v cc h trong c mu iu tra

3.1.1. V tui

tui ca ngi tr li bng hi iu tra chim t l ln nht l t 35 n 60 tui (69%) tip theo l tui trn 60 chim 19,9%; tui t 18 n 35 tui chin 9,8%. C 16 ngi tr li bng hi di 18 tui (chim 1,3%), qua nhm iu tra vin phn nh li y u l nhng h c b m vng nh, i lm n xa nn con ci tr li, cc em ang tham gia hc ph thng trung hc nn cch nhn thc v a ra quan im qua cc cu hi khi iu tra vin phng vn kh phong ph v thit thc di gc nhn thc ca cc em.Bng 7. tui ca ngi tr li bng hi

Phng/x tui ca ngi tr li bng hiTng

Di 18 tuiT 18 n 35 tuiT 35 n 60 tuiTrn 60 tui

S lngT l

%S lngT l

%S lngT l

%S lngT l

%S lngT l

%

P. Long Sn0.0%94.9%10757.8%6937.3%185100.0%

P. Quang Phong1.9%87.5%9084.1%87.5%107100.0%

P. Quang Tin84.1%2211.3%13971.3%2613.3%195100.0%

P. Ha Hiu0.0%2413.7%10761.1%4425.1%175100.0%

X. Ty Hiu0.0%179.6%12972.9%3117.5%177100.0%

X. Ngha M0.0%2420.3%7664.4%1815.3%118

X.Ngha Tin32.6%65.1%8471.8%2420.5%117100.0%

X. ng Hiu43.6%65.4%8676.8%1614.3%112100.0%

Tng161.3%1169.8%81869.0%23619.9%1186100.0%

(Ngun: iu tra bng hi ti th x Thi Ha, thng 3/2010)3.1.2. V gii

Trc y, trong cc gia nh Vit Nam, ph n thng khng phi l tr ct trong gia nh, cng vic ca h ch yu l ni tr, cc cng vic x hi v giao tip x hi ngi ph n t c tham gia v h khng c quyn quyt nh cc cng vic trong gia nh. Th hai do tnh cch ca ngi ph n Vit thng khng mnh dn khi tham gia vo cc cng vic c tnh cht giao tip m thng n y cho chng. Do vy, trong cuc iu tra kinh t x hi ny t l n tham gia tr li phng vn cha cao (chim 34%). Mc d so vi t l nam gii tham gia tr li phng vn th t l n gii cha cao nhng so vi cc cuc iu tra c tnh cht tng t cc a phng khc l nhng vng nng thn th t l ny cn cao hn nhiu ln m bo c yu t cn bng gii trong cuc iu tra kho st.

Biu 6. T l nam n tham gia tr li phng vn

(Ngun: iu tra bng hi ti th x Thi Ha, thng 3/2010)

3.1.3. V trnh hc vn

Trnh vn ho ca ngi tr li phng vn chim t l cao nht l cp III (51,6%), cp II chim khong 28,8%, cp I (2,2%), s ngi m ch khng nhiu, ch c 0,3%. c bit lu ti th x Thi Ha, s ngi c trnh i hc/cao ng kh cao (16,6%), tuy nhin s ngi c trnh trn i hc vn cha nhiu (1,4%).Biu 7. T l trnh hc vn ca ngi tr li bng hi


3.1.4. Quan h vi ch h ca ngi tr li

Biu 8. T l quan h vi ch h ca ngi tr li bng hi


Qua biu trn ta thy, ngi tr li phng vn l ch h chim t l cao nht 72,3%, v/chng ch h chim 24,4%, con ci chim 2,3%, chim t l thp nht l b m ca ch h 1%. iu ny s khng nh mc chnh xc cao ca thng tin cung cp v cng l ngi ra quyt nh trong gia nh nh chi tiu, cc cng vic ln,3.1.5. Quy m h gia nh

Quy m h gia nh: Nhng h gia nh nh, gia nh ht nhn c t 3 n 4 thnh vin chim t l cao nht (72,6%), nhng h gia nh c t 5 n 6 ngi (24,1%) v nhng gia nh ln c t 7 ngi tr ln tc l nhng i gia nh gm nhiu th h chim t l rt nh (3,4%).Bng 8. Quy m h gia nh trong c mu iu traS lngT l (%)

Quy m h gia nhDi 3 ngi35529.6

T 3 n 5 ngi68457.0

T 5 n 7 ngi12910.7

Trn 7 ngi90.7

Tng117798.0

Khng tr li242.0

Tng cng1201100.0


Bnh qun ngi/h gia nh trong c mu l 4,01 ngi/h, kt qu ny thp hn so vi bnh qun ngi/h gia nh chung ca th x Thi Ha l 4,1 ngi/h. Khi nh gi theo phn loi kinh t h th bnh qun s ngi ca h ngho l 4,06 ngi/h; h trung bnh l 3,85 ngi/h; h kh l 4,31 ngi/h v h giu l 4,91 ngi/h. Nhng h c bnh qun s ngi cao thng trong mt gia nh c t nht l 2 th h cng sinh sng nh b m v con ci hoc cng 3, 4 th h. Kt qu ny cng phn nh ng thc trng ca ngi dn Vit Nam theo vn ha gia nh a h.Bng 9. Bnh qun ngi/h phn theo kinh t hPhn loi

theo kinh t h gia nhBnh qun ngi/h

H ngho4.06

H trung bnh3.85

H kh4.31

H giu4.91

Bnh qun4.01


3.2. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi

3.2.1. Ngh nghipNgh nghip ca ch h c phng vn: Chim t l cao nht l nhng cn b hu tr (30%), tip theo nng dn (13%), cn b cng chc nh nc (17,6%), nhng h lm ngh bun bn, dch v (15,5%), nhng h sng bng ngnh ngh khc, nhng ch h sng bng ngnh ngh khc hoc c cng vic khng n nh, khng c vic lm chim 3,9%.V ngh nghip: Theo iu tra th c 156 h trong s 1201 h trong mu iu tra tr li cu hi ny sinh sng bng nng nghip chim (13%), cao nht l cn b hu tr (30%). Trong s nhng ngi i din cho cc h gia nh tr li bng hi, t l cn b cng chc kh cao 19.4% (bao gm cn b cng chc nh nc chim 12.4% v cn b khc a phng 5.4%).

i sng cc h gia nh ph thuc rt nhiu vo ngh nghip v s n nh ca cc lao ng chnh trong gia nh, c bit l ch h. Hu ht cc gia nh thuc nhm n lng nh nc (bao gm c cn b cng ng chc v cn b hu tr) l nhng ngi c thu nhp tng i n nh, cuc sng n nh. Cn cc h ngho thng l cc h khng c vic lm hoc vic lm khng n nh, ngun thu bp bnh, cuc sng khng n nh.

Bng 10. Ngh nghip ca ch h trong c mu iu traNgh nghip ca ch hS ngiT l (%)

Cn b cng chc nh nc14912.4

Cn b khc a phng625.2

Cn b hu tr36030.0

Ch doanh nghip312.7

Nn dn 15613.0

Cng nhn685.7

Th th cng746.2

Bun bn/dch v/ch bin nng sn18615.5

Cng an/b i80.7

Lm thu/cng vic khng n nh363.0

Khng c kh nng lao ng161.3

Khc433.6

Khng vic lm100.8


3.2.2. Ti sn

Cc gi tr ti sn ca cc gia nh ph thuc rt nhiu vo tnh hnh kinh t ca mi h gia nh. Nhn chung cc vt dng thit yu trong gia nh th h no cng c. Vi iu kin kinh t nh hin nay, vic s hu nhng ti sn c coi l thit yu nh tivi hay xe my khng cn l vn qu xa x vi cc gia nh.Bng 11. Loi hnh ti sn ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

Cc loi ti sn Mc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

t/cng nngS h720381782

T l11.1%3.3%21.7%41.5%9.2%

Xe myS h4155817035840

T l65.1%90.7%97.1%85.4%89.9%

Xe pS h4949514137722

T l77.8%80.5%80.6%90.2%80.85

Ti viS h5660817240876

T l88.9%99%98.3%97.6%98.1%

u VideoS h1747816239696

T l27%77.7%92.6%95.1%77.9%

Ging/t/bn gh bnh thngS h4356114026770

T l68.3%91.2%80%63.4%86.1%

Ging t/ bn gh t tinS h225311876

T l3.2%4.1%17.7%43.9%8.5%

i S h1873313134

T l1.6%14.1%18.9%31.7%15%

Qut inS h4154915439783

T l65.1%89.3%88%95.1%87.6%

iu ho nhit S h0453520100

T l0.0%7.3%20%48.8%11.2%

T lnhS h434614240532

T l6.3%56.3%81.1%97.6%59.2%

My gitS h01058834227

T l0.0%17.1%50.3%82.9%25.4%

My vi tnhS h01338335231

T l0.0%18.4%47.4%85.4%25.8%

in thoi/ in thoi di ng S h4155416540800

T l65.1%90.4%94.3%97.6%89.7%


T bng kho st v tin nghi sinh hot ca cc h gia nh trn th x Thi Ha cho ta thy: Cc h gia nh c iu kin kinh t kh gi th hu ht u c y cc tin nghi sinh hot trong c cc tin nghi sinh hot t tin nh t, xe my loi t tin, iu ha nhit , t lnh, my git, ging t/bn ngh t tin. Cc h gia nh ngho v trung bnh ch s hu nhng vt dng c gi tr t thp n trung bnh, ch c mt s t h trung bnh c nhng tin nghi sinh hot t tin nh t (thng thng l phng tin phc v cho ngh nghip, kinh doanh nh li xe, ch hng, ch vt liu xy dng), my git, t lnh.3.2.3. Nh , v tr

Theo quan nin ca ngi Vit Nam: An c lc nghip, cho nn hu ht cc gia nh u c gng xy dng nh ca. Tuy nhin, vic la chn kiu nh cn ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh iu kin kinh t, thi quen sinh hot, gu thm m ca tng h trong yu t kinh t l nhn t c tnh quyt nh. Kt qu kho st cho thy th x Thi Ha c 64,2% s h gia nh xy dng c nh kin c, s h c nh bn kin c l 31% v nh tm ch chim mt t l nh 4,8%. Khi nh gi theo phn loi kinh t h, trong s h kh, giu c t l nh kim c chim t l cao nht, h kh/giu l 75,7%; 100% cc h kh, giu khng s dng nh tm. T l h ngho s dng nh tm l cao nht (18,3%) v t l ny h trung bnh gim xung ch cn (5,1%). Nhn chung, cc h kh, giu thng xy dng nh nhiu tng, nh bit th, bn bit th, cn cc h c mc sng trung bnh v ngho thng xy dng nhng nh c thit k n gin ch yu l mi bng, mt tng v thng c t ti sn c gi tr.

Biu 9. Loi hnh nh trong c mu iu tra

3.2.4. Thu nhp v chi tiu ca h gia nh

* Thu nhp ca h gia nh:

Do c cu ngh nghip ca th x ch yu l thng mi v dch v, tip n l cng nghip tiu th cng nghip v thp nht l sn xut nng nghip. Do vy, kinh t h gia nh ch yu t ngun thu bun bn/dch v, lm thu v lng/lng hu l chnh i vi cc h gia nh trong cc phng ni th, cn cc h gia nh ti cc x ngoi th th ngun thu ch yu vn l t sn xut nng nghip kt hp vi mt s ngnh ngh khc nh lm thu theo thi v, th xy, khai thc , khong sn, Ngun thu ny ca cc h gia nh tng i n nh, ng gp vo thu nhp chnh trong cc h gia nh.Bng 12. Bnh qun thu nhp hng thng ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

Phn loi theo kinh t hThu nhp bnh qun

VN/h/thngThu nhp bnh qun VN/ngi/thng

H ngho 950.000 233.990

H trung bnh 3.730.000 968.831

H kh 5.820.000 1.350.348

H giu 10.270.000 2.091.650

Bnh qun 5.192.500 1.294.888


Qua bng s liu trn ta thy nu xt theo cc nhm h kinh t th thu nhp ca h ngho (950.000 VN/h/thng) u thp hn so vi nhm h trung bnh (3.730.000 VN/h/thng) (bng ln) v thp hn nhiu so vi nhm h giu (10.270.000 VN/h/thng) (bng 1/10 ln). Nh vy, c th thy nhm h ngho l nhm yu th v d b tn thng trong bt k mt x hi no v iu kin kinh t thp nn h thng t c c hi c iu kin sng tt, u t sn xut kinh doanh v tip cn vi cc dch v cng cng nh nc sch, y t, gio dc, vn ha, ti a phng.* Chi tiu ca h gia nh:

Tng t vi mc thu nhp ca h gia nh, khi tm hiu v mc chi tiu bnh qun ca cc h gia nh trong c mu iu tra cng cho c kt qu kh khch quan. Cc h ngho thng l phi chi tiu ht s tin h thu nhp c, thm ch c thng h phi i vay tri tr cho mt s khon chi tiu thit yu nh n, , cho con ci i hc. Tuy nhin, nhm h ngho li lun c thc tit kim chi tiu phng khi m au hoc chi tr cc khon nht nh cho cuc sng, v vy nu tnh bnh qun th hng thng h ngho cng tch ly khong 9%, tuy nhin do mc thu nhp thp nn s tin tch ly cng khng ln v thng phi chi tiu n trong cc dp l tt, hiu h,Bng 13. Bnh qun chi tiu hng thng ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

Phn loi theo kinh t hChi tiu bnh qun

VN/h/thngChi tiu bnh qun VN/ngi/thng

H ngho 865.000 233.990

H trung bnh 2.640.000 685.714

H kh 3.950.000 916.473

H giu 5.710.000 1.162.933

Bnh qun 3.291.250 820.761


Bng 14. T l chi tiu/thu nhp ca h gia nh phn theo mc sng

Phn loi theo kinh t hBnh qun theo h

(VN/h/thng)T l chi tiu/thu nhp (%)Bnh qun ngi/hBnh qun theo ngi

(VN/ngi/thng)

Thu nhpChi tiuThu nhpChi tiu

Ngho950.000865.00091,1%4,06 233.990 233.990

Trung bnh3.730.0002.640.00070,8%3,85 968.831 685.714

Kh5.820.0003.950.00067,9%4,31 1.350.348 916.473

Giu10.270.0005.710.00055,6%4,91 2.091.650 1.162.933

Bnh qun5.192.5003.291.25063,4%4,01 1.294.888 820.761

(Ngun: iu tra bng hi ti th x Thi Ha, thng 3/2010)Nhn bng trn ta thy, nhm h ngho th x Thi Ha bnh qun s dng 91,1% tng thu nhp hng thng cho cc khon chi tiu sinh hot hng ngy. T l ny gim dn i vi nhm h trung bnh, kh, giu. Kt qu ny cho thy nhm h kh/giu c kh nng tch ly ln khong 30 40%, phn nh ng thc t v cc h giu c mc tch ly tng dn theo hng nm v h thng khng phi b nhng khon tin ln trang tri cho cc khon chi tiu phc v i sng hng ngy v iu kin sng n nh m ch c chi tiu nhng khon ln cho cc khon lm tng mc sng nh t, tivi, thit b sang trng, Nh vy, v gi tr lch ly hng thng ca nhm h ngho khong 9%, tch ly ca nhm h trung bnh khong 30%, y cng l iu kin thun li cho vic chi tr cho dch v thot nc v v sinh mi trng ca h ngho, h trung bnh trong tng lai.Biu 10. T l chi tiu/thu nhp ca h gia nh trong mu iu tra

(Ngun: iu tra bng hi ti th x Thi Ha, thng 3/2010)3.2.5. Phn phi chi tiu hng thng theo cc khon chi cho dch v in nc, thot nc v v sinh mi trng.

* Khon chi cho dch v cp in:

V vic chi tiu trong h gia nh, bo co ny khng c mc tiu tm hiu mi ngun thu chi trong cuc sng ca mi gia nh, ch tp trung nghin cu cc khon chi tiu lin quan n vic s dng nc in nc, thot nc v v sinh mi trng. chi cho vic s dng in, trung bnh mi thng mt h gia nh ngho phi chi 39.280VN, h trung bnh 120.000VN, h kh 180.740VN, h giu 424.880VN. C th thy s khc nhau r rt gia cuc sng ca nhm h giu v cc nhm h c mc sng thp hn. Mc chi dng cho in ca cc h giu gp khong 11 ln h ngho, gia h kh v h giu th mc chnh lch khng nhiu khong 4,6 ln nhng gia nhm h kh, h trung bnh v h ngho th mc chnh lch ny kh ln. H s sng t nht l 20.000VN, h s dng nhiu nht ln ti 2.000.000VN. Cc h kh giu c mc tiu th in ln v cc h giu thng s dng nhiu thit b, tin nghi sinh hot hin i v tiu tn nhiu in nng nh iu ho, t lnh, my git mc s dng cc thit b ny gim dn cc h kh, h trung bnh. Vi cc h ngho in ch yu c s dng cho cc nhu cu thit yu nh thp sng, ti vi, i qut

Biu 11. Mc chi dung cho in ca cc nhm h (n v: VN)


* Khon chi cho dch v cp nc:

Cng ging nh mc chi tr cho tin in, vic chi tr cho vic dung nc sch cng tun theo quy lut gim dn t h giu xung h ngho. Mc cao nht thuc v nhm h giu vi bc bnh qun l 114.620VN, h kh l 53.750VN, h trung bnh 51.850VN v h ngho thp nht l 40.070VN.

Tng t nh in cc h ngho c xu hng dng tit kim gim chi ph. V vy cc h ngho v trung bnh thng c xu hng s dng kt hp nhiu ngun nc khc nhau, nc sch ch s dng vo mc ch l n, ung l ch yu nn mc chi cho tin nc c gim i kh nhiu (2,9 ln) so vi h giu. H s dng t nht thuc v nhm h ngho l 20.000VN, h s dng nhiu nht l nhm h giu 700.000VN.

Biu 12. Mc chi dung cho nc ca cc nhm h


* Khon chi cho dch v thu gom rc thi:

Ring phn chi tr cho dch v thu gom rc thi, tr cc h gia nh thuc din ngho c cp s h ngho th tt c cc h gia nh cn li u phi tri tr mc ph nh nhau, theo quy nh chung ca UBND th x Thi Ha. Tuy nhin, mc ph ny c s khc nhau v tng dn theo quy m h gia nh. Cc h gia nh ngho phi tr trung bnh 1 thng khong 10.000VN, mc ph trung bnh cc h trung bnh l 16.310VN v mc chi tr trung bnh tng ng nhm h kh giu l 22.830VN v 33.680VN. Cc n v hnh chnh s nghip, lc lng v trang, trng hc, tr s lm vic ca cc doanh nghip, c s sn xut, nh tr, khch sn, nh hng kinh doanh, nh hng n ung s np mc cao hn t vi chc nghn ng n vi trm ngn ng.

Bng 15. Tng hp mc chi trung bnh cho in, nc ca cc h gia nh Mc chiPhn theo mc sng

n v: VN

H NghoH Trung bnhH khH giu

in39.280120.000180.740424.880

Nc40.07051.85053.750114.620

V sinh 10.00016.31022.83033.680


Biu 13. So snh mc chi tr cho in, nc, v sinh mi trng ca cc nhm h


3.2.6. T nh gi v mc sng ca h gia nh

Da trn kt qu quan nim ca cng ng v tnh hnh kinh t, mc thu nhp, iu kin sng, trnh hc vn, ca cc h gia nh v kt qu ca cc bui tho lun gia cn b chnh quyn a phng, cc i din ca cng ng dn c a ra cc tiu ch phn loi mc sng. Cc tiu ch ny bao gm thu nhp bnh qun u ngi, nh , phng tin i li, tin nghi sinh hot, ti sn, trnh hc vn v ngh nghip ca ch h gia nh.

Bng 16. Tiu ch phn loi mc sng theo nh gi ca cng ng

Tiu chH nghoH trung bnhH khH giu

Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi/thngT 500.000 ng tr xungT 500.000 1.500.000 ngT 1.500.000- 2.000.000 ngTrn 2.000.000 ng

Nh caNh tm, tranh tre hoc nh cp 4Nh cp 4 hoc nh kin cNh tng hoc nh mi bng kin cNh tng hoc nh mi bng kin c

Phng tin i liKhng c hoc c t xe my r tinC nhiu xe my. Xe my t tin100% h c xe my100% h c xe my loi t tin hoc c xe t

Tin nghi sinh hotKhng c hoc c rt t, ch yu l qut, mt s h c TVC nhng khng y ch yu l TV, qut, u VIDEO, mt s c in thoiC nhiu cc tin nghi sinh hot nh my git lnh, in thoi, bp gaC nhiu cc tin nghi sinh hot nh my git lnh, in thoi, bp galoi t tin

Hc vnThp, hc ht tiu hcTt nghip PTTHC hc hnh, c bng cp chuyn mn, k thutC hc hnh, c bng cp chuyn mn, k thut

Ngh nghipLm rung, lm thu, cng vic khng n nhLm rung, bun bn dch v nhCn b cng chc, bun bn dch v lnCn b cng chc, bun bn dch v ln


Cn c vo mc thu nhp bnh qun u ngi/thng, mc sng ca cc h gia nh theo nh gi ca cng ng, kinh t h gia nh c chia thnh 4 loi: ngho, trung bnh, kh, giu c th trong bng sau:Bng 17. Phn loi mc sng theo nh gi ca cng ng v ca iu tra vinPhn loi kinh t h theo mc sngnh gi ca cng ngnh gi ca iu tra vin

S hT lS hT l

Ngho826.8%12010.0%

Trung bnh81868.1%63452.8%

Kh 20817.3%23519.6%

Giu423.5%21117.6%

Khng bit/khng tr li514.2%00.0%

Tng1201100.0%1201100.0%


Biu 14. Phn loi kinh t h theo nh gi ca cng ng v iu tra vin


Theo nh gi ca cc h dn c phng vn v mc sng ca h gia nh mnh th t l h kh, giu thp (tng ng chim 17,3% v 3,5%) cn t l h ngho kh cao (6,8%) v h trung bnh chim t l cao nht (68,1%). Tuy nhin theo nh gi ca cc iu tra vin th t l cc nhm h kh, giu tng, cn t l trung bnh gim i so vi nh gi ca h gia nh. L gii iu ny nhm t vn cho rng kinh t l mt vn nhy cm nn ngi dn thng khng mun cng khai mc thu nhp ca gia nh mnh, hn na do tm l ca ngi Vit thng kn o nn h thng khim tn t nhn kinh t gia nh mnh mc trung bnh. V vy, c c nhng nh gi chnh xc cn phi cn c vo nhng nh gi ca iu tra vin. Nhng nh gi ny s chnh xc hn, khch quan hn, phn nh ng thc trng kinh t ca ngi dn a phng v nhng nh gi ny l s tng hp gia cu tr li ca ngi dn v quann st ca cc iu tra vin v nh , tin nghi sinh hot ca tng h gia nh.

3.3. Hin trng ngun nc v s dng nc ca h gia nh

3.3.1. Ngun nc v cc mc ch s dng

Nc sch l nhu cu cp thit ca ngi dn, hin nay th x mi c mt nh my cp nc sch, cng sut 4000m3/ngy/m. Cho nn mi ch p ng c mt phn nhu cu dng nc sch ca nhn dn trong khu vc, ch yu l ngi dn khu vc ni th.

Bng 18. nh gi s ngun nc s dng ca cc h gia nh phn theo mc sng

TTS lng ngun nc ang s dng trong h gia nh

Phn theo thnh phn kinh t

(theo nh gi ca cng ng)

S dngS hT l (%)H nghoH trung bnhH khH giu

S hT l %S hT l %S hT l %S hT l %

1S dng 1 ngun73764.7%5693.3%52286.5%13380.1%2663.4%

2S dng 2 ngun13034.9%46.7%7812.9%3319.9%1536.6%

3S dng 3 ngun30.4%00.0%30.5%00.0%00.0%

Tng870100.0%60100.0%603100.0%166100.0%41100.0%


Kt qu kho st cho thy ngi dn phi s dng nhiu ngun nc khc nhau nh nc ging khi, ging khoan, nc ma, nc sng/h/ao.Ty vo mc ch s dng, cc h c th kt hp t 1 n 2 ngun nc trong ph bin nht l s dng mt ngun nc v ngun nc ny l ging khi (64,7%), s h dng 2 ngun nc my v nc ging khi/ging khoan, chim 34,9%, ch c 0,4% s h s dng 3 ngun nc.

Bng 19. nh gi mc ch s dng ca cc loi ngun nc ca cng ng

Ngun ncMc ch s dng

nUngTmGitKhc

S h T l (%)S h T l (%)S h T l (%)S h T l (%)S h T l (%)

Ging khi77489.4%76789.3%84998.3%85498.8%758.8%

Ging khoan2074.1%2281.5%2385.2%2385.2%00.0%

Nc ma82100%82100%78.5 %78.5%00.0%

Sng/h/ao00.0%00.0%440%770%770%

Nc my63100%6095.2%5079.4%5079.4%914.3%


V mc ch s dng cc ngun nc: Ti khu vc ni th, hu ht cc h c tip cn nc my u s dng ngun nc ny cho mc ch n, ung v sinh hot. Nc ging khi, ging khoan v nc ma l nhng ngun nc c dng b sung thm, thng chim t l t khu vc cc phng ni th, nhng li chim t l kh cao khu vc x/phng ngoi th v mng li cp nc sch cha c m rng v bao trm trn ton b a bn.

i vi cc gia nh u ni vo h thng nc nc my, t l h dng nc my cho n l (100%), ung (95,2%), dng cho tm git l (79,4%) v dng cho mc ch khc l(14,3%). Khng phi u ni vo h thng nc my l cc h gia nh s dng ton b nc my cho cc mc ch n ung v sinh hot, mt s h vn kt hp s dng nc my vi cc ngun khc gim chi ph.

Trong cc ngun nc c s dng y, nc ging khi c s dng ph bin, c a s cc h s dng (82,5%). Ngun nc ny c s dng trong hu ht cc nhu cu hng ngy nh n, ung, tm git T l h s dng nc ging khi cho n l ung l: 89,4%, cho tm git l 89,4%. S h s dng nc ging khoan l 27 h chim 2,6% trong t l h s dng nc ging khoan cho n ung tm git vn cn kh cao, n chim t l (74,1%), ung l (81,5%), tm, git l 85,2%. Nc ma ti y c ngi dn coi l ngun nc sch v c s dng vo cc hot ng trc tip n sinh hot hng ngy nh n ung. Tt c cc h dng nc ma c hi u s dng nc ma cho nhu cu ny, t l cc h dng nc ma cho mc ch tm, git l 8,5%. Vn cn mt s phi s dng ngun nc ao/h cho mc ch tm, git, v ti cy cnh. Nh vy c th thy rng, nc my mi ch p ng c 20% nhu cu ca ngi dn, v h s dng nc my trong mi mc ch. Cn li i b phn ngi dn phi s dng cc ngun nc sn c.

3.3.2. Cht lng ngun nc qua lng knh cng ng

nh gi cht lng nc nc theo cc tiu chun sinh ha l iu ngi dn khng th thc hin c, c bit l cc ngun nc trong t nhin. H ch c th a ra cc nh gi v mt cm quan, da vo mi, v v mu ca nc hoc da vo cc c im trong qu trnh s dng. Theo nh gi ca ngi dn a phng, hu ht cc ngun nc ang s dng u m bo nhng h u c mong mun c s dng ngun nc my. Vi cc h s dng nc ging khi, hu ht cc h cho rng nc trong v sch. T l ny dao ng cc nhm khc nhau t 100% (nhm h ngho) xung 83,3% (nhm h giu). i vi cc h s dng nc ging khoan th tt c u cho rng ngun nc ny l trong v sch. nh gi v cht lng nc ma 81,1% nhm h trung bnh v 92,3% nhm h kh cho rng nc trong v sch. Ch c 12,1% nhm h trung bnh cho rng nc ma trong nhng c mi v 7,7% nhm h kh cho rng nc ma cha sch do b nhiu t ct ri vo. i vi nc ma hu ht cc h gia nh u s dng trc tip, khng qua lc, cn i vi ging khoan, ging khi ngi dn thng t chc lc s b trc khi s dng bng cch cho nc chy qua b c cha nhiu ct, si, lc ri s dng. Cn vi cc h s dng nc my, 100% nh gi nc my l trong v sch.3.3.3. Nhn thc v s an ton ca ngun nc t h gia nhBng 20. Nhn thc ca cng ng v cht lng ngun nc ang s dng Ngun nc ang s dngMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

Nc an ton, hp v sinh S h 3651013336715

T l 100%89.0%79.6%87.8%87.5%

Nc cha sch, cha an tonS h 063345102

T l 0.0%11.0%26.4%12.2%12.5%

TngS h 3657316741817

T l100%100%100%100%100%


Theo kt qu kho st c 715 h tng ng vi 87,5% s h cho rng ngun nc ca gia nh mnh ang s dng l nc an ton hp v sinh v 12,5% s h nh gi ngun nc ca h cha sch, cha an ton. Nu phn loi cu tr li theo mc sng th nhng h thuc nhng nhm kinh t khc nhau s c nhng cu tr li khc nhau. 100% nhm h ngho cho rng ngun nc ca h ang s dng l an ton, hp v sinh, nhm trung bnh l 89,0%, nhm kh l 79,6%,cn nhm giu l 87,8%.Ngun nc cha sch, cha an ton do rt nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau c th hin chi tit bng sau:Bng 21. Nhn thc ca cng ng v nguyn nhn lm cho ngun nc cha sch

Nguyn nhnS kinT l (%)

1. V mu nc khng trong3528.2%

2. Mi tanh43.2%

3. Ngun nc b nhim do rc thi/ thuc thc vt, nh v sinh2016.1%

4. Nhiu t ct ri vo3528.2%

5. Khc/khng tr li3024.2%


Cc du hiu ngi dn nhn bit v nhn xt ngun nc cha sch, cha an ton l mu nc khng trong (28,2%), c mi tanh l (3,2%), ngun nc b nhim do phn gic, ha cht bo v thc vt, nc thi/cht thi t nh v sinh (16,1%), 28,2% s h cho rng nc b nhiu t ct ri vo v 24,2% l cc nguyn nhn khc nh ngun nc b nhim mn, nhim st v cc kim loi khc

Hin nay, theo nh nh gi ca i b phn nhn dn th ngun nc ca h hin ang s dng l sch v hp v sinh. Nhng i b phn ngi dn u c mong mun c tip cn v s dng ngun nc sch, v h cho rng ngun nc my l ngun nc sch, an ton nht v khng lo thiu nc vo ma kh.3.4. Hin trng nh v sinh ca h gia nh 3.4.1. S lng v nh v sinh hin c:

Kt qu kho st cho thy 95,4% s h c phng vn c nh v sinh ring tng ng vi 1146 h, 55 h (4,6%) khng c nh v sinh ring. Trong 6,6% h ngho, 4,9% h trung bnh v 3,7% h kh cha c nh v sinh ring. 100% h giu c nh v sinh ring.Bng 22. nh gi v s lng h gia nh c nh v sinh phn theo mc sng

Cc phng n tr liS hT l (%)Phn loi kinh t h theo nh gi iu tra vin

H nghoTrung bnhH khH giu

C114695.40%93.4%95.1%96.3%100%

Khng/khng tr li554.60%6.6%4.9%3.7%0.0%

Tng 1201100%100%100%100%100%


ng nh kt qu kho st thc t cc h a ra cc l do cha c nh v sinh ring chia u cho cc l do nh dng chung vi b m/anh ch (27,3%), Chi ph cao khng c tin xy dng (36,4%) v khc l (36,4%). Hu ht cc h gia nh khng c nh v sinh ring l nhng h gia nh nm trong nhm ngho, trung bnh. Nu phn loi cu tr li theo thnh phn kinh t th c ti 100% s h ngho cho rng h khng c tin xy dng nh v sinh ring v t l ny h trung bnh l 12,5%. Cn lu rng dng nh v sinh m cc h mong mun xy dng l nh v sinh hp v sinh nh h x t hoi, h x thm di.Bng 23. L do khng c nh v sinh L do khng c nh v sinhMc sngBnh qun

H nghoH trung bnh

Dng chung vi b m/anh em0.0%37.5%27.3%

Chi ph cao, khng c tin xy dng100.0%12.5%36.4%

Khc0.0%50%36.4%


Trong cc loi hnh nh v sinh ngi dn a phng ang s dng, kt qu iu tra cho thy 40,1% s h c iu tra c nh v sinh t hoi (3 ngn), t l ny gim dn t h giu, kh n cc h trung bnh, ngho. Kt qu iu tra ny phn nh iu kin thc t ca tng nhm h gia nh v cc h kh/ giu thng u t xy dng cng trnh v sinh h gia nh khang trang, sch s trong khi cc h ngho/trung bnh thng ch s dng nh v sinh khng hp v sinh nh h x o/cu, h x mt ngn, ... mc d khi c hi cc h ny a phn u nhn thc c mc khng an ton n sc khe v mi trng sng ca gia nh h khi hng ngy phi s dng cc cng trnh v sinh ny nhng do hon cnh kinh t ca gia nh khng c iu kin ci to hoc xy mi, h cng rt mong mun c h tr u t hoc vay vn ci to nh v sinh h gia nh mnh. Chi tit trong bng sau:

Bng 24. T l cc loi hnh nh v sinh h gia nh

Cc loi hnh nh v sinhH x o/cuH x mt ngnH x hai ngnH x t hoi (3 ngn)H x thm di nc/khng c b t hoiTng

Phn loi theo

kinh t hNgho30.4%30.4%34.8%4.3%100.0%

Trung bnh11.2%13.3%39.9%33.5%2.1%100.0%

Kh1.4%8.6%27.1%62.9%100.0%

Giu12.5%18.8%68.8%100.0%

Tng9.8%13.5%35.4%40.1%1.3%100.0%


Biu 15. Cc loi hnh nh v sinh ca h gia nh


Thng thng nhng h c iu kin kinh t s u t xy dng nhng nh v sinh t tiu chun cao hn. Nhng h gia nh ngho c t l dng nh v sinh t hoi thp nht 4,3%, h trung bnh 33,5%, h kh l 62,9%, cao nht l h giu 68,8%. T l h ngho dng nh v sinh khng hp v sinh chim t l cao nht, 30,4% h dng h x cu/o, (30,4%) dng h x mt ngn, (34,8%) h dng nh v sinh hai ngn. T l l dng nh v sinh khng hp v sinh gim dn cc nhm h c iu kin kinh t cao hn. T l h giu dng nh v sinh hai ngn l 18,8%, khng c h giu no dung nh v sinh o/cu. T l h ngho xy dng h x t hoi cn thp l mt iu d hiu, v i vi cc h gia nh ny vn h quan tm u tin l vn l ci n ci mc hng ngy, h khng iu kin u t xy dng nh tiu hp v sinh. Ngc li mt s h c iu kin kinh k kh gi nhng vn s dng h x cu/o, m khng u t xy dng nh v sinh t hoi. y l nhng h gia nh mang t tng lc hu, c h khng chu thay i nhng thi quen sinh hot khng hp v sinh hng ngy, cha nhn thc tt v vn v sinh mi trng.3.4.2. Nhn thc v tnh trng mt v sinh ca nh v sinh:Nhng tc ng nguy hi n mi trng v sc khe con ngi t chnh cc loi phn, cht thi ca con ngi nu khng c thi b v x l ng cch l iu d nhn thy. V vy, m bo v sinh mi trng v sc khe cho cng ng, iu cn thit l phi xy dng cc cng trnh v sinh hp v sinh. Nhng do iu kin kinh t cng nh vn nhn thc nn cc cng trnh v sinh trc y thng khng m bo yu cu v sinh. Cng trnh v sinh l nhng dng h x n gin, thc cht ch l ni cha phn, khng x l c phn v cc loi mm bnh trong . Loi hnh h x ph bin trc y l h x o/cu, hoc h x mt ngn, h x 2 ngn. V vy, khong cch t nh v sinh n ni , sinh hot ca con ngi phi m bo c khong cch an ton ti thiu theo tiu chun ca B Y t. l nh v sinh phi c xy dng cch nh v ngun nc sinh hot trn 15m.

Tuy nhin, quy nh ny ch p dng i vi cc gia nh s dng loi h x mt ngn, h x o/cu... nhng loi h x c coi l khng hp v sinh, phn khng c x l, gy ra nhiu mi hi thi, l ni c tr v sinh sng ca cc loi rui mui, ngun gc pht sinh cc loi bnh tt. Nu h x khng c xy dng nhng v tr cch bit, m bo khong cch an ton th nguy c nhim do nc ma chy trn, ko theo cc loi phn, cht thi ca con ngi rt ln. i vi cc dng v sinh t hoi th khng p dng yu cu v khong cch ny. iu cn phi lu i vi cng trnh v sinh dng ny l phi m bo s lng b cha phn m bo hiu qu x l ca cng trnh. Bn cnh cng cn lu n ngun tip nhn nc thi chy ra t b pht.

nh gi v mc v sinh ca cc cng trnh v sinh l kin ch quan ca cc h gia nh, ph thuc vo quan nim ca mi ngi v tp qun sinh hot ca ngi dn mi a phng khc nhau. Tuy nhin, i a s cc h gia nh c nhng nhn thc ng v tm quan trng ca nhng cng trnh v sinh t hoi i vi cuc sng ca con ngi v i vi mi trng xung quanh. Ngi dn c nhng nh gi kh chnh xc v trung thc, phn nh ng hin trng nh v sinh ti y. 88% s h nhn xt v tnh trng ca nh v sinh h ang s dng l sch s, m bo v sinh, iu ny cng ph hp vi t l cc h gia nh v ang s dng cc cng trnh v sinh t hoi, c coi l loi hnh nh v sinh sch s nht hin nay. Vi cc nh gi l bn, khng hp v sinh ch yu xy ra i vi cc h gia nh cn phi s dng cc dng h x o/cu, h x mt ngn hoc hai ngn.

Bng 25. nh gi ca cng ng v tnh trng v sinh ca cng trnh v sinh

Tnh trng ca cng trnh v sinhMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

Sch, hp v sinhS h2741712531600

T l62.8%88.5%91.2%100%88.0%

Bn, cha hp v sinhS h9370046

T l20.9%7.9%0.0%0.0%6.7%

Khng bit, khng tr liS h71712036

T l16.3%3.6%8.8%0.0%5.3%

TngS h4347113731682

T l100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%


Khi phn loi nhng nh gi v tnh trng ca nh v sinh theo cc nhm h th c s khc bit ga nhm h kh, giu v nhm h ngho, trung bnh. Hu ht cc h kh, giu u cho rng nh v sinh ca gia nh mnh l sch, hp v sinh. iu ny cng ph hp vi nh gi v hin trng loi nh v sinh phn theo mc sng. C ngha l i b phn gia nh kh, giu u c nh v sinh t hoi hp v sinh.3.4.3. Mong mun ci to cc cng trnh v sinh gia nh v kh nng u tNh trnh by trn, khng phi tt cc cc h gia nh u c cng trnh v sinh t hoi, s gia nh c cng trnh v sinh t hoi ch tp trung khu vc trung tm ca th x, nhng h gia nh c iu kin kinh t kh gi v cc c quan cng s. V vy khi c hi v mong mun ci to/xy dng cng tnh v sinh th h kh, giu c nhu cu t hn cc h ngho v trung bnh. Cc h kh, giu ch c nhu cu ci to li, thay th thit b v sinh c bng cc thit b v sinh mi hin i hn, tin nghi hn. Khc vi nhng h kh, giu cc h ngho v trung bnh li c nhu cu xy mi cng trnh v sinh nhiu hn do h cha c cng trnh hoc cng trnh v sinh cha t tiu chun v sinh.Bng 26. Mong mun xy dng ci to nh v sinh ca h gia nh theo mc sng

Mong mun xy dng/ci to nh v sinhS hT l (%)Mc sng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

S hT lS hT lS hT lS hT l

C20526.3%2644.8%13224.5%3825.5%924.3%

Khng57473.7%3255.2%40375.5%11174.5%2875.7%

Tng779100.0%58100.0%538100.0%149100.0%37100.0%


Tr li cu hi v sao cc h gia nh li khng mun xy dng/ci to li cng trnh v sinh. C rt nhiu cc l do c a ra nhng l do cc h a ra nhiu nht l c nh tiu tm n (71,0%), mun dnh tin lm vic khc (18,0%), khng tin l 6,1%, Ch xy cng nh l 4,9%. Nu tnh theo iu kin kinh t th h ngho a ra l do khng xy dng/ci ta cng trnh trnh v sinh do iu kin kinh t khng cho php l cao nht (82,9%). Bng 27. Nguyn nhn khng mun ci to nh v sinh phn theo mc sng

Nguyn nhnMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

Khng c tin82.9%1.2%1.0%0.0%6.1%

c nh v sinh tm n17.1%83.1%78.8%64.3%71.0%

Dnh tin lm vic khc0.0%10.3%0.0%0.0%18.0%

Ch xy dng cng nh 0.0%3.9%1.0%0.0%4.9%

Khc0.0%1.5%19.2%35.7%100%


Hu ht cc h gia nh u mong mun s ci to/xy dng cng trnh v sinh mi l nh v sinh t hoi, mt s t h ngho c mong mun xy dng nh v sinh bn t hoi do mun gim chi ph cho ph hp vi iu kin kinh t gia nh mnh.

Mc kinh ph u t xy dng cho cng trnh v sinh m cc h gia nh thuc tt c cc nhm h mong mun l trn 5 triu ng (70,4%), di 3 triu ch chim t l nh (6,7%), T 3 n 5 triu l (22.9%).Biu 16. Mc u t xy dng- ci to nh v sinh


3.5. Hin trng h thng thot nc ma theo nh gi ca cng ng3.5.1. Hin trng ngp lt

Theo nh kt qu kho st c 524 h gia nh a ra cu tr li, chim 68,2% cho bit hng nm a phng, c bit l xung quanh khu vc sinh sng ca gia nh vn xy ra hin tng ngp cc b, ngp ng ch yu xy ra bn ngoi nh (78%), ch c (22%) b lt bn trong nh. S ln ngp ng trong nm khng nhiu, 39,4% h b ngp 1 ln/nm, 58,3% h b ngp 2 ln/nm. Nhng h b ngp t 3 n 5 ln/nm chim t l nh v thng phm vi nh, ngp khng su (0,3 0,5m).Biu 17. Tnh trng ngp lt ti a phng theo nh gi ca cng ng


Thi gian ngp lt thng ko di t vi gi n vi ngy, thng xy ra vo ma ma hng nm. su ngp lt tu theo tng trn ma v tng khu vc c th. Trong s cc khu vc b ngp lt th khu vc b ngp lt nhiu nht l x Ty Hiu (100%), phng Quang Tin (88,9%), t l ny l 87,8% v 75,0% cc phng Quang Phong v Quang Tin. X Ngha M v x Ngha Tin l khu vc c ngp lt t nht. Kt qu iu tra ny cng ph hp vi kt qu kho st v hin trng cng tiu thot nc ma ti a phng.

3.5.2. Nguyn nhn v tc hi ca tnh trng ngp lt* Nguyn nhn:

nh gi v nguyn nhn gy ra ngp lt ti a phng, 84,7% h a ra phng n tr li ngp lt l do ma qu to, a hnh thp thm vo li cha c h thng thot nc. V vy nc ma t cc khu vc cao hn chy v gy ngp ng; 2% s h khc cho rng h thng thot nc cn thiu, khu vc c cng th cng xung cp, b ch tc bi bn t v rc thi nn khng m bo nng lc thot nc cho khu vc; 7,7% s h cho rng ngp lt xy ra do khng c h thng thot nc

Bng 28. nh gi cc nguyn nhn dn n ngp lt ti khu vc d n

Nguyn nhn ca ngp ltS kinT l

1. Ma to54184.7%

2. Nn nh thp hn ng162.5%

3. H thng thot nc cht lng thp132.0%

4. Khng c h thng thot nc497.7%

5. Khc203.1%

Tng639100.0%


Ngp lt gy ra rt nhiu tc ng bt li i vi i sng ca con ngi, gy nhim mi trng, nhim ngun nc, cn tr vic i li v nh hng n i sng sinh hot hng ngy ca ngi dn.

Biu 18: nh gi cc nguyn nhn gy ra lt


Nhn thc ca cng ng v tc hi ca l lt gy ra ti a phng kh phong ph. Trong , tc hi n cht lng ng x, nn nh b cha nhiu bn t c cp nhiu nht, chim 63,3%; tip n l dn n nhim ngun nc, chim 33,3%; tuy nhin nhn thc v vic l lt c th gy dch bnh ca ngi dn cha c th hin r, ch chim 0,5%, l gii iu ny l do ngi dn thng phn nh ng thc trng l lt ti a bn mnh sinh sng mc thp v t xy ra dch bnh, do vy khi phng vn su cc h tr li v tnh trng dch bnh khi xy ra l lt a phng th cc h ny u khng nh rng dch bnh khng ln.Bng 29. nh gi ca cng ng v tc hi ca l lt gy ra ti a phngTc hi ca l lt gy ra ti a phngS kinT l (%)

ng, nn nh b nhiu bn t bn40463.3

Ngun nc b nhim21333.4

Dch bnh30.5

Khc182.8

Tng cng638100.0


3.6. Hin trng h thng thot nc thi theo nh gi ca cng ng 3.6.1. M t h thng tiu thot nc thi ti a phng

S liu kho st cho thy h thng tiu thot nc ca th x Thi Ha cn rt thiu v yu. Hin nay th x cha c h thng thot nc ring bit m vn dng h thng thot nc thi chung vi nc ma. Tuy nhin cc tuyn, cng ny ch yu tp trung ti cc khu vc trung tm hnh chnh ca x Ngha n v tuyn Quc l 48, cn li cc phng/x khc hu nh cha c u t xy dng. Nu c c xy dng th cng ch c xy dc theo ng giao thng chnh ca phng/x, hoc trong cc thn xm nhn dn t b tin ra xy dng, o cc ng thot nc dc theo ng i. Nhng h thng thot nc hin trng ca Th x mi ch m bo tiu thot nc c mt lng nh, cn i vi nhng trn ma ln th nc ma t trn v tiu thot xung nhng khu vc c a hnh trng. Nc thi sinh hot cng c x t nhin ra vn, h thng knh mng hoc chy ra sng sui ti khu vc. Theo s liu iu tra bng bng hi, 11,5% s h c phng vn khng nh xung quanh khu vc mnh sinh sng khng c h thng cng rnh thot nc; 20,3% l t thm tro ra t; 50,8% l c cng rnh thot nc nhng l do nhn dn t o khng c xy dng, loi rnh, cng ny khng m bo cht lng rt r b st ln. Ch c 17,5% s h c cng rnh thot nc c xy dng bng gch, b tng.Bng 30. M t h thng cng rnh ca h gia nh

Phng/xM t cng rnh a phngTng

Rnh t o khng xyRnh o su, c xy dng bng gch/b tngT thm trm ra tKhng c rnh thot nc

P. Long Sn51.3%11.7%037.0%100.0%

P. Quang Phong75.5%6.9%11.8%5.9%100.0%

P. Quang Tin35.0%35.7%7.1%22.1%100.0%

P. Ha Hiu84.1%5.8%5.8%4.3%100.0%

X. Ty Hiu63.4%25.0%3.0%8.5%100.0%

X. Ngha M4.3%4.3%91.4%0100.0%

X. Ngha Tin84.2%015.8%0100.0%

X. ng Hiu41.0%24.6%34.4%0100.0%

Tng56.2%15.8%15.3%12.7%100.0%


V h thng thot nc cha c u t xy dng ng b nn cc h gia nh phi t tm cch x l i vi ngun nc thi sinh hot ca gia nh. Mt s khu vc ngi dn phi t o rnh t xung quanh nh, o h t thm trong vn nh hoc o rnh nh nc thi trong nh chy ra ng giao thng hoc cc mng rnh t bn ngoi nh dc theo cc ng i trong khu dn c. Tuy nhin, y ch gii php tm thi, ch gii quyt c vn v sinh trong khun vin ca cc h gia nh. Nhng khi nc thi ra n cc rnh t bn ngoi nh li b ng li gy mt v sinh cho xm ng. V vy, vic xy dng cng rnh thot nc cho h gia nh phi i i vi vic xy dng h thng thot nc chung cho c khu dn c, c khu vc. Bi nu cc gia nh ch quan tm n vic to ng thot cho nc thi ca gia nh mnh hoc mt nhm h trong khu vc th nhng ng thot ny s khng bn vng v em li hiu qu thc s.

Biu 19. Hin trng cng thot nc theo nh gi ca cng ng


3.6.2. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca cc h gia nhCng nh tnh hnh tiu thot nc thi sinh hot, ch nhng h gia nh khu vc c h thng cng thot chung l c th cho nc thi t nh v sinh t hoi chy vo h thng cng rnh chung. Cc h khc s cho nc thi chy ra sng sui, chy ra vn, ra ng hoc o ging thm.Bng 31. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca cc h gia nh phn theo mc sng

Ni thot nc thi ca nh v sinh ca h gia nhMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

Vo cng rnh ca thn 0.0%60.3%29.8%9.9%16.3%

Chy ra ao/h7.3%36.6%36.6%19.5%6.5%

Chy ra sng/knh0.0%90.9%6.8%2.3%5.9%

Ra vn8.3%70%18.3%3.4%66.7%

Khc0.0%67.6%29.4%2.9%4.6%

Tng100%


Biu 20. Cc ngun x thi t nh v sinh ca h gia nh trong c mu


Cho n nay, tt c cc tuyn cng thot nc th x Thi Ha dng cng b tng hoc cng xy bng gch u c u t bng ngun kinh ph ca Th x v tnh Ngh An. Vic duy tu bo dng hng nm cng c thc hin bng ngun kinh ph ny v ngi dn khng phi ng gp g cho vic u t xy dng h thng cng thot nc chung ca th x. Tuy nhin, mt s khu vc cha c h thng thot nc chung, nc thi sinh hot khng c ch tiu thot, mt s h dn phi gp tin cng nhau xy dng nhng on mng cng thot nc n gin hoc mua ng nha dn nc thi t gia nh mnh ra n h thng cng chung hoc dn n sng sui thot nc gn . Nhn chung, y l nhng trng hp him, t gp. Thng cc h dn vn chp nhn sng chung vi nc thi ng v nhim mi trng do nc thi gy ra. Theo kt qu iu tra bng bng hi ch c 16,3% s h khng nh rng nc thi ca gia nh c th thot vo h thng cng, rnh chung ca thn, c ti 66,7% s h phi lm ng thot nc ra vn nh mnh. iu ny gy bc xc cho rt nhiu h gia nh, c bit l nhng h trong cc khu vc xa trung tm, xa vi h thng cng thot nc chung ca Th x.3.7. Thu gom v x l rc thi trong cng ng dn c3.7.1.Hin trng thu gom v x l rc thi

Hin nay vic qun l v thu gom rc thi trn a bn th x Thi Ha do Cng ty VSMT Thi Ha m nhim. Cht thi rn cha c phn loi ti ngun m c thu gom tp trung v c a v bi chn lp v t ca th x. Bi rc ca th x hin nay mi ch l bi rc tm thi cha c u t ng mc, cha p ng c yu cu ca mt bi chn lp hp v sinh, khng p dng bt k mt bin php x l nhim no. V vy bi rc hin nay ca th x ang c coi l ngun gy nhim kh nghim trng trn a bn.Hiu sut thu gom rc trn a bn th x mi t c khong 40% khi lng rc thi pht sinh trn thc t. Do yu v thiu v nhn lc v trang thit b nn mi ngy khi lng rc thi thu gom trn a bn l t 4 xe n 6 xe, ngy cao im (tt, cc ngy l hi) l 7 xe tng ng vo khong 2 2,5 tn/ngy v mi ch dng li thu gom v n tp trung bi rc, cha c bin php x l. Cc a im c thu gom cng ch hn ch trong cc khu vc trung tm ca th x dc theo quc l 15 v quc l 48 c bn knh l 2km.Mi ngy mi gia nh trung bnh thi ra l 3kg, gia nh thi t nht l 1 kg rc, gia nh nhiu nht ln ti 15kg. Theo kt qu iu tra cc h gia nh c mc sng khc nhau th khi lng rc pht sinh cng khc nhau. Thng thng nhng h c iu kim kinh t kh khn th lng rc thi cng t hn nhng h c iu kin kinh t kh, giu. Nhng h lm kinh doanh dch v n ung l nhng h c khi lng rc thi nhiu nht.Nh trnh by trn, mc d a phng c dch v thu gom rc nhng dch v ch yu c trin khai khu trung tm th x, cn cc a bn cn li nhn dn t x l rc ca gia nh mnh bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau.Bng 32. nh gi v cch x l rc thi ca cc h gia nh

Ni thot nc thi ca nh v sinhMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

t/chn trong vn nhS h553488519507

T l88.7%58.4%51.3%46.3%59.2%

a ra bi rc cng cngS h07821099

T l0.0%13.7%12.7%0.0%11.6%

ra vnS h3222027

T l4.8%3.9%1.2%0.0%3.1%

Vt ra cnh ng/ khu t trngS h01001

T l0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.1%

T v sinh i thu gomS h41475822231

T l6.5%25.8%34.9%53.7%27%

TngS h6259616641856

T l100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%


Theo kt qu iu tra th ch c 27% s h l c t v sinh i thu gom rc hng ngy, cn li cc h gia nh t x l rc ca nh mnh bng cc hnh thc nh: t/chn trong vng nh chim t l cao nht (59,2%), a ra bi rc cng cng (11,6%), (0,1%) vt ra cnh ng khu t trng cnh nh.Biu 21. Cch x l rc thi ca h gia nh


3.7.2. Nhn thc v l ch ca dch v thu gom rc thi

Theo kin ca ngi dn, nu dch v thu gom rc c m rng trn ton a bn th x th s mang li rt nhiu li ch. iu m bt k ai cng c th nhn ra l rc c thu gom trit , mi trng sch s, bo v sc kho cho ngi dn.

Khi tin hnh phng vn cc h gia nh, c mun tham gia vo dch v thu gom rc thi hay khng, cng ging nh mong mun ca cc h gia nh c mun tham gia vo h thng thot nc v x l nc thi c 94,6% s h mong mun v ng a phng s xy dng mi, nng cp h thng dch v thu gom v x l rc thi. Nhm h ngho v trung bnh chim t l thp nht (tng ng 65,6%, v 96,2%), nhm h kh cao hn (98,8%), nhm h giu chim t l cao nht (100%). iu ny cng tht d hiu, v nhu cu ca con ngi lun thay i v nng cao dn cng vi s thay i v kinh t. Khi cc nhu cu v vt cht c tho mn, ngi ta s quan tm nhiu hn n cc vn khc trong cuc sng, chng hn quan tm nhiu hn n cnh quan, lm sch p mi trng sng. Ngc li, vi nhng h ngho, h trung bnh vn quan trng hn, cn phi quan tm hn chnh l cuc sng vt cht. V vy, vn cn mt s h cha thc s quan tm n vic phi nng cp, xy dng mi h thng thu gom v x l rc thi ti a phng.

Bng 33. nh gi mong mun tham gia dch v thu gom rc thi ca cng ngMong mun tham giaS hT l (%)Mc sng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

S hT lS hT lS hT lS hT l

C79694.6%4065.6%57796.2%16198.8%38100%

Khng455.4%2134.4%223.8%21.2500.05

Tng841100.0%61100.0%579100.0%163100.0%38100.0%

3.7.3. S sn lng chi tr cho dch v thu gom rc thiCng ging nh kt qu iu tra v s sn lng chi tr cho dch v thot nc v x l nc thi. Hu ht cc h c mong mun h thng thu gom v x l nc thi c nng cp v m rng th u sn lng ng gp. V hnh thc ng gp th c rt nhiu cch thc khc nhau nh: ng gp mt phn chi ph ban u, ng gp tin hng thng, ng gp cng sc. C 42,3% s h mong mun ng gp cng sc, 35,7% sn sng ng gp mt phn chi ph ban u v 22% s h sn sang ng gp tin hng thng.Biu 22. S sn lng ng gp cho xy dng h thng thu gom rc thi


S h mun ng gp mt phn chi ph ban u v ng gp tin hng thng thng l nhng h kh gi. Cn cc h ngho v trung bnh u c mong mun s ng gp bng cng lao ng.

3.8. Truyn thng v hiu bit, thc hnh ca ngi dn 3.8.1. Cc bnh thng gp a phng c lin quan n iu kin v sinh mi trng

Bo co ny ch cp n cc loi hnh bnh tt thng gp a phng, cc bnh tt c lin quan n ngun nc v v sinh mi trng theo cch nhn nhn ca ngi dn. Ngun thng tin ny gp phn b sung cc thng tin cho ngnh y t ti a phng. Theo kt qu kho st, c nhiu loi bnh tt xy ra ti a phng, trong ph bin nht l cm cm (91,3%), nhc u (66%), tiu chy (27,5%), kit l (24,1%), t (23.4%), bnh v mt (19,5%), ph khoa (17,7%), bnh ngoi da (27,1%), cc loi bnh khc xut hin vi t l khng cao.

Bng 34. Cc loi bnh thng gp a phng

Loi bnh ttS hT l (%)

Cm cm81091.3%

Nhc u58466%

Tiu chy24427.5%

Kit l21424.1%

Bnh v mt17319.5%

T20823.4%

Nga, d ng, mn 17920.2%

Ph khoa15717.7%

Giun sn13312.8%

Vim gan A606.8%

Cc vn v d dy17019.2%

Bnh v da/bnh ngoi da24027.1%


Trong cc loi bnh thng gp, bnh c cho l c lin quan nhiu ti iu kin v sinh mi trng l bnh cm cm, nga/d ng/mn , bnh ngoi da, cc loi bnh khc cng c th do iu kin v sinh mi trng khng m bo nhng nhng du hiu nhn bit khng r rng. y l nhng nh gi ca chnh cng ng dn c trn c s quan st iu kin v sinh mi trng, ngun nc ang s dng ti a phng v phn no l gii thm iu kin v sinh mi trng ti th x cha c m bo, ang c nguy c b nhim, l nguyn nhn gy ra cc bnh.

Biu 23. Cc bnh lin quan n iu kin thot nc v v sinh mi trng


Cc nguyn nhn chnh c a ra l do ngun nc nhim (45,4%), ting n, bi rc thi ca cc c s sn xut (20,6%), do rui mui t rc ri/ phn khng (14,3%).

Bng 35. Nhn thc ca cng ng v cc nguyn nhn gy bnh

Nguyn nhnS hT l (%)

Nh m thp163.4%

Rui mui t rc ri/phn khng 6814.3%

ng x ly li/ngp ng265.5%

Ting n/bi thi ca cc c s sn xut9820.6%

nhim t ngun nc thi21645.4%

Khc5210.9%


C th thy rng iu kin v sinh mi trng c nh hng rt ln n tnh trng sc kho v bnh tt ca con ngi. Hin nay, ti th x Thi Ha ni chung v ti khu vc nghin cu ca D n ni ring cha c du hiu nhim mi trng do cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip. Mt s c s cng nghip hin c Thi Ha thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc b, cc loi cht thi nc thi c x l trc khi x ra mi trng. nhim mi trng y ch yu do tc ng ca cc loi cht thi sinh hot, cc loi phn rc, c bit l nhim t s ng nc thi sinh hot. c bit khu dn c gn bnh vin a khoa tnh b nh hng nghim trng bi nc thi ca bnh vin x ra m khng qua x l.

Nh vy, vic u t xy dng h thng thot nc x l nc thi cho th x Thi Ha v nng cp cc dch v v sinh mi trng vo thi im ny nh: cp nc sch, thu gom rc thi l iu cn thit. Nhng bn cnh , cng cn phi c chng trnh tuyn truyn, gio dc trong cng ng ngi dn c th hiu, thc hin tt v ng h cc d n ci thin iu kin v sinh mi trng , ang v chun b c u t xy dng ti a phng.

3.8.2. Thng tin gio dc truyn thng v v sinh mi trng ti a phng Cc chin dch truyn thng nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng lin quan n v sinh mi trng s c tin hnh ti a phng. gip cho cc chin dch truyn thng t c kt qu cn c nhng thng tin v cc vn mi trng nghim trng ang xy ra ti a phng, cc knh thng tin hin c v ngi dn ang tip nhn cc thng tin v v sinh mi trng t knh thng tin no.

Khi hi v cc vn mi trng nghim trng ti a phng, hu ht cc cu tr li u cho rng mi trng th x ang bt u b nhim. Khng kh b nhim bi khi bi t kh thi ca cc loi ng c. Mc d th x c h thng thu gom rc thi nhng vic thu gom ch yu mi thc hin c khu vc trung tm, cc khu vc dn c xa trung tm, ngi dn t x l rc thi ca gia nh, hoc l chn/ t trong vn hoc ra b sng/sui gy nhim mi trng nc mt, mt cnh quan mi trng, nc thi cha c thu gom v x l. Ton b nc thi ca dn c khu vc trung tm th x thot vo cng chung v x ra cc knh mng thot nc, cc khu vc xa trung tm cha c h thng thot nc, nc thi hoc c x trc tip xung sng/knh hoc t thm, ng trong vn gy mi hi thi. Ngp ng vo ma ma, c bit l nhng khu vc cha c h thng cng thot nc cng l mt vn c cho l nghim trng ti a phng. Nc ma trn ln nc cng mang theo nhiu rc thi tri ni trn ngp trn ng, vo nh ca sn vn nh hng khng nh n i sng ca ngi dn.

Vn nhim do cc c s sn xut cng nghip hu nh cha xut hin ti y, nhim mi trng y ch yu do cc loi cht thi trong sinh hot ca con ngi v t cc lng ngh truyn thng. V vy, vic u t xy dng h thng thot nc cho th x Thi Ha lc ny l cn thit, gp phn gii quyt trit vn nhim mi trng do nc thi ti a phng.

Bn cnh k hoch m rng dch v thu gom rc thi n cc khu dn c xa th cc chng trnh truyn thng, tuyn truyn gio dc nng cao nhn thc cho ngi dn trong vic sng theo np sng vn minh, gi gn v sinh mi trng l iu thc s cn thit. c bit nng cao thc, trch nhim ca ngi dn trong vic u ni v s dng dch v thot nc ca th x sau khi D n xy dng h thng thot nc v x l nc thi th x Thi Ha c hon thnh.

Bng 36. nh gi cc vn mi trng ti a phng ca ngi dn

Nguyn nhnS hT l (%)

nhim khng kh/khi bi36453.3%

nhim nc sinh hot t ging ngm/nc sng rch33148.2%

Rc khng c thu gom26338.3%

Ngp ng v ma ma39857.9%

nhim t c s sn xut25437%


Mt trong nhng vn mi trng c ngi dn a phng quan tm nht hin nay chnh l vn rc thi (61,7%), c 55,6% kin cho rng mi trng khng kh ang b nhim do khi bi. Vn ngp ng v ma ma l vn thng gp phi, iu c nh gi qua kin ca ngi dn trong mu iu tra, c ti 42,6% h cho ngp ng v ma ma gy ra nh hng rt ln i vi cuc sng cng nh sc khe ca h.

Hin ti ngi dn cng c cung cp cc thng tin v bo v sc kho, gi gn v sinh mi trng qua nhiu knh thng tin v nhiu hot ng truyn thng khc nhau. Ngun c nhiu thng tin nht v ph bin nht l qua tivi/i (87,9%), qua loa i l (66,8%), qua cc bui hi hp ct chc ti cc t dn c, thn, xm (54%) iu ny cho thy hot ng truyn thng c thc hin tng i tt trong dn c. Cc chin dch tuyn truyn c t chc kh rm r, c nhiu pan khu hiu, c nhiu bui hp ph bin thng tin v v sinh mi trng nhng cn y mnh hn na trong vic tuyn truyn ngi dn hiu v tch cc ng h v tham gia vo d n xy dng h thng thot nc v x l nc thi ca th x.

Bng 37. Cc knh thng tin tuyn truyn v vn v sinh mi trng ti a phng

Mong mun tham giaMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

Loa/i trong xS h264869520627

T l41.3%80.3%54.6%48.8%71%

Trm y t/ph nS h231783110242

T l36.5%29.4%17.8%24.4%27.4%

Pan/khu hiu/tranh nhS h1973513146

T l1.6%16%20.1%31.7%16.5%

Ti vi/ iS h6353316241799

T l100%88.1%93.1%100%90.5%

Hi hp S h333367415458

T l52.4%73.4%42.5%12.2%18.1%

Con ci (thng tin t trng hc)S h5139115160

T l7.9%23%6.3%12.2%18.1%


3.9. Mong mun v kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc v x l nc thi3.9.1. Nhn thc v li ch ca h thng tiu thot nc thi

H thng thot nc thiu v yu ca th x dn n tnh trng nc thi b ng, gy nhim mi trng lm nh hng ti sc khe cng nh sinh hot ca ngi dn. Nhn thc r c tm quan trng v li ch ca vic xy dng h thng thot nc ng b cho th x cho nn hu ht ngi dn khi tr li cu hi: Nu cng trnh thot nc c xy dng s mang li nhng li h g? C ti 802 h chim (89,7%) cho rng xy dng h thng thot nc s gip cho vic bo v sc khe, mang li s tin li l 222 h chim (24,8%), mi trng sch s l 553 h chim (61,9%), h thng thot nc v x l nc thi c xy dng s gip ci thin iu kin v sinh mi trng, lm cho iu kin sng tt hn l 412 h tng ng vi 46,1% v mang li li ch kinh doanh l 27 h (3,0%).

Bng 38. Nhn thc ca cng ng v li ch ca cng trnh tiu thot nc thi

Li chS hT l %

Bo v sc khe80289.7%

Tin li22224.8%

Mi trng sch s55361.9%

Gim chi ph cho vic s l nc273.0%

iu kin sng tt hn41246.1%

C c hi kinh doanh/lm dch v273.0%


3.9.2. Mong mun u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nhDo ngi dn nhn thc c rt r cc li ch m d n mang li, hn na l nhng ngi tng chu ng nhng kh khn khi khng c h thng thot nc v nhng nh hng do n gy ra nn hu ht cc h trong khu vc d n u c mong mun c u t xy dng h thng thot nc trn a bn.

Bng 39. Mong mun u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca cng ng

Mong mun tham giaTng

(%)Theo phn loi kinh t h

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

T lT lT lT l

C94.6%65.6%99.6%98.8%100%

Khng5.4%34.4%0.4%1.2%0.0%

Tng100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%


Vic ng k u ni ng ngha vi vic s dng dch v v phi tr ph dch v. Thng thng trong cc cuc iu tra kho st cam kt u ni vo h thng cp nc hoc h thng thot nc th t l cam kt u ni bao gi cng tng dn t h ngho n h kh giu v d n ny cng khng nm ngoi quy lut . C 65,6% s h ngho dng k u ni vo h thng thot nc v x l nc thi. 99,6% s h trung bnh tham gia u ni, s h kh tham gia u ni l 98,8% v 100% h giu tham gia u ni. Mc d ch l kt qu kho st s lc ban u v s sn lng tham gia ng h d n ca ngi dn, l c s cho vic lp d n u t xy dng nhng con s ny cho thy s kh quan v vic trin khai d n ti a phng. Nhng con s chnh xc v s lng h gia nh tham gia u ni v s dng dch v thot nc s c c trong cuc kho st cam kt u ni khi cc phng n k thut v ti chnh c la chn.3.9.3. L do khng u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nhKhi hi phng vn k cc h gia nh khng c mong mun u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi v l do ca gia nh h. Hu ht cc kin u a ra v gia nh h khng c iu kin kinh t, c rt nhiu khon chi khc cn phi u tin hn, t l ny chim 43,9%; tip n l cc kin cho rng ti khu vc gia nh sinh sng c h thng thot tm n v trong sut thi gian qua gia nh h vn tiu thot nc thi nh vy m khng b ngp lt hay mt v sinh mi trng nn h cho rng khng cn phi u t thm, chim 31,8%; mt s kin khng nh s dng chung vi b m/anh ch, y thng l nhng h a th h sng trong cng gia nh, h tch h nhng vn sng chung vi b m. Chi tit kt qu c th hin trong bng sau:Bng 40. Cc l do khng u ni h thng tiu thot nc thi ca h gia nhS kinT l (%)

Cc l do khng u ni c cng tiu thot nc tm n2131.8

Khng tin tr2943.9

S dng chung vi b m/anh ch46.1

Khng phi ch s hu nh34.5

Khc913.6

Tng66100.0


3.9.4. Ngi quyt nh u ni trong gia nhHin nay, x hi Vit Nam c nhng thay i su sc, ngi ph n ngoi vic tham gia cng tc x hi cn phi m nhim vic qun xuyn gia nh v l ngi ch yu thc hin cc cng vic v sinh nh ca, v sinh mi trng trong gia nh v bn ngoi nh. V vy, kin ca ngi ph n v vic tham gia vo dch v thot nc khi thc hin d n ny cng l iu cn thit. Tr li cho cu hi ai l ngi quyt nh cho vic u ni v s dng dch v thot nc th 21,5% cu tr li l v, 8,5% cu tr li l chng, t l c v v chng cng quyt nh chim 68,8%. T l nhng ngi khc c quyn a ra quyt nh nh con, b m, ng b chim t l khng nhiu 1.2%. iu ny cho thy, ngi c th a ra quyt nh ch yu l ngi ch trong gia nh l v hoc chng. Kt qu iu tra cng cho thy ngi ph n v nam gii c vai tr nh nhau trong gia nh v trong vic a ra cc quyt nh quan trng c lin quan n kinh t. Cng c th coi nhng s liu ny l nhng s liu phn nh v thc trng bnh ng gii ti a phng. Ngi ph n c nhn thc kh tt v tham gia nhiu vo cc cng vic x hi v quan h x hi ti a phng, v th ca ngi ph n c thay i v nng ln cao hn.

Bng 41. Vai tr quyt nh s dng dch v tiu thot nc ca h gia nh

Ngi quyt nh u niT l (%)

Chng8.5

V21.5

C v v chng68.8

Khc1.2


3.9.5. S sn lng tham gia ng gp cho vic xy dng h thng tiu thot nc thi.

Bng 42. nh gi s sn lng chi tr cho dch v tiu thot nc

Hnh thc ng gpMc sngTng

NghoTrung bnhKhGiu

ng gp 1 phn chi ph0.0%52.3%47.9%56.7%49%

ng gp tin hng thng0.0%17.0%33.9%40%20.8%

ng gp cng sc100.0%30.6%18.2%3.3%30.2%

Tng 100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%


D n H thng thot nc v x l nc thi th x Thi Ha c u t xy dng bng ngun vn ca Ngn hng Th gii (WB) v mt phn vn i ng ca a phng, ngi dn khu vc d n sn sng ng gp gip xy dng hon thin h thng thot nc v x l nc thi. C 49% s h sn sng ng gp mt phn kinh ph; 20,8% s h sn sng ng gp tin hng thng v 30,2% s h mun ng gp cng sc ca mnh vo cc cng vic c th trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng.Biu 24. S sn lng chi tr cho dch v tiu thot nc


Khi nh gi theo phn loi kinh t h gia nh, 100% cc h gia nh ngho u mun ng gp cng sc, 52,3% cc h trung bnh s ng gp mt phn chi ph ban u v 30,6% ng gp cng sc v 17% mong mun ng gp tin hng thng. T l mun ng tin hng thng v mt phn kinh ph ban u cc h kh giu tng. nhm h kh 47,9% mong mun s ng gp mt phn chi ph ban u, 33,9% ng gp tin hng thng v 18,2% s ng gp cng sc. Ngc li vi h ngho hu ht cc h giu u mong mun ng gp tin hng thng hoc mt phn chi ph ban u ch c 3,3% l ng gp cng sc.

Vic ng gp bng hnh thc no khng quan trng, iu quan trng hn chnh s ng h ca ngi dn gip th x Thi Ha c c hi c u t mt h thng thot nc v x l nc thi ng b, gip ci thin iu kin v sinh mi trng, nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca ngi dn, gim thiu nhng tc ng bt li do nhim mi trng.3.9.6. Kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc ti a phng

Khi c hi v kh nng chi tr cho dch v thot nc, x l nc thi hu ht cc h gia nh u cho rng sn sng ng gp theo quy nh ca nh nc, trong thp nht l h ngho (94,4%) cao nht l h giu (100%), h kh l (96%), 97,1% l t l h trung bnh nht tr chi tr cho dch v thot nc v x l nc thi. C c kt qa kh quan nh vy l nh s tuyn truyn, ph bin c hiu qu v v sinh mi trng ca cn b a phng, cn b iu tra t vn v nhn thc v li ch ca dch v thot nc v x l nc thi i vi sc khe ca ngi dn th x Thi Ha ngy cng tt hn. Tuy nhin, khi yu cu a ra mc ng gp c th th li c s khc nhau gia cc nhm h. Mt s h kh gi khng ngn ngi a ra mc ng bng chi ph s dng nc sch. Cn li i b phn cc h gia nh u nht tr vi phng n ng gp bng chi ph s dng nc sch l hp l. Mt s h ngho, trung bnh a ra kin ph thot nc c th thu theo thng/h gia nh v mc h a ra l 10.000/thng/h. Ch c mt s t h gia nh khng c kh nng ng gp, ch yu l cc

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