1. NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF MONGOLIA MONGOLIAN STATISTICALYEARBOOK 2005(2005 ).(Several data for 2005 are preliminary).ULAANBAATAR2006

2. DDC310 517M-666 , Printing design by: : .,G.Batbuyan,.D.Enkhzaya: III ,Address: Government Buildiing III, -319, - 20 , Room-319, Ulaanbaatar-20 a, Mongolia : 322424 Phone: 322424: (976 -11) - 324518Fax: (976 -11) - 324518 - : nso@ magicnet. mn,E- mail : nso@ magicnet. mn,: http: // www. nso.mnInternet: http: // www. nso.mnISBN 99929 - 0 - 700 - 2 , .All rights reserved. 3. , 1960 . , . , . , , , , . 2005 , , , , , , , , , , 10000 , , , , , . , 1998-2002 , XX , , , , , , , /2002-2003 /, , /2004 /, /2003 /, . . , , . , , . : , , 44, III , E-mail: nso@magicnet.mnWebsite: http://www.nso.mn: 976-11-324518: 976-11-322424 3 4. PREFACE The National Statistical Office has been producing the Statistical Yearbook of Mongoliasince 1960. The Statistical Yearbook shows social and economic indicators of Mongolia. Incorrespondence with the development of the socio-economic situation of Mongolia the extentand frame of indicators for the yearbook are expanding. Statistical indicators have been innovated and updated step by step in conformity withthe international standards. In order to expand the users frame, made the yearbook user-friendly main indicatorsmethodology and explanations have been added in the each previous section. Moreover, numberof indicators has significantly risen as well as some indicators were shown in more comprehensivemanner.In Statistical yearbook 2005, indicators such as selection of Presidential election, numberof civil servants and their average salaries and wages by state classifications and by aimags aswell as city, number of staff who has scientific degrees, public libraries and cultural centers,number of patients who has cancers, death rates per 10000 population, involvement of childrenup to one year for the precaution injection and the number of prisoners are added in detail.In addition, yearly statistical books 1998-2002, Population of Mongolia in the XX century,social and economic monthly bulletins and introductions, 2002-2003 joint report from samplesurveys on labor force, child labor and household income, expenditure and livelihood, 2004one-time registration of and sample survey on handicapped citizens, 2003 reproduction healthsurvey and the result from livestock census were published at market for public use. Also,special book has been published based on the result of livestock census, which defines thescope of animal husbandry that is one of the main economic sectors of Mongolia.Moreover, it is pleasant to mention that all users can obtain data on main indicators ofsocio-economic situation from our website using Internet connections.We would appreciate if you send your comments how to improve statistical bulletinsand statistical data of interest on the following address:Address: Government building IIIBaga toiruu 44, Sukhbaatar district,Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaE-mail: nso@magicnet.mnWebsite: http://www.nso.mnFax: 976-11-324518Phone: 976-11-3224244 5. 4 13 37 53 1. , 541.1 , , , 561.2 , 571.3 581.4 581.5 58 2. 592.1 612.2 , 622.3 , 632.4 , 632.5 63 3. 643.1 , , , , 683.2 , , , 683.3 , , , , 693.4 , , , , , 703.5 , , , 713.6 , , , , , , 723.7 , , , , 733.8 , , , , 743.9 16 4 , , , , 753.10 , , , , 763.11 16 , , , , , 773.12 , , , , 783.13 1000 , , , , 783.14 , , 783.15 , , , , , , 79, , 2005 3.16 1000 , , , , , , , , 802005 3.17 , , , 813.18 , 813.19 , , , , , , , 2005 823.20 , , 823.21 , , , , 833.22 , , 833.23 , , , , , , , 842005 3.24 1000 , , , , 853.25 , , 853.26 1000 , , , , 863.27 , , 873.28 , , , , , , , 2005 883.29 , 895 6. 3.30 , , , 893.31 , , 903.32 , , 90 4. 934.1 , 954.2 , , 964.3 , , , , 974.4 , , , , 984.5 , , , , , , 99 4.6 , , , 1054.7 , 1074.8 , 1074.9 , 1084.10 , 1084.11 , , , , 1 109 1- 4.12 , , 1 109 1- 4.13 , , 110 1 1- 5. 1115.1 , , 1135.2 , , 2000 1145.3 1155.4 , , 1155.5 , 1165.6. , 1175.7 , 1175.8 1185.9 , , , 119 6. 1206.1 , , , , 1221991-1-16=1006.2 , , , ,2000- 123XII=1006.3 , , , 1246.4 , 1256.5 , , 2000-XII=1001276.6 , 128 7. , , 1307.1 1327.2 , 1327.3 , 1327.4 , , 1337.5 , , , 7.6 , , , 1357.7 , , , 1377.8 1387.9 1386 7. 7.10 2005 30 1397.11 2005 30 , 140 8. 1418.1 , , 1438.2 , , 1448.3 , , 1458.4 , , 1468.5 , , 1478.6 , , 1488.7 , , , 1498.8 , , , 1508.9 , , , 1518.10 , , , 1518.11 , , 152 9. , 1549.1 , , , 1569.2 , , 1569.3 , 1569.4 , 1579.5 ,158 , , , 9.6 1589.7 , , 2005 159 10. 16010.1 16210.2 - 16210.3 16310.4 , 16310.5 , , , , , 16410.6 , , , , , 17010.7 , , 17210.8 , , ,172 10.9 , , 17310.10 , , 17310.11 , , 17410.12 , 2005 , , 17510.13 , , , , 17710.14 *, 17710.15 , , , , 17810.16 17810.17 17910.18 , , , , 2005 17910.19 18010.20 18010.21 , , 18110.22 , 1817 8. 10.23 18110.24 , 18210.25 , , , , 18310.26 , 18810.27 , 18810.28 , , , , 18910.29 , , , , 19310.30 , , 19510.31 , , , , 195 11. 20111.1 , , , 20311.2 , , 20411.3 , , 20511.4 , , , 2000 20611.5 , , , 20711.6 20811.7 ( ), 210, , 2000 11.8 21311.9 21411.10 215 12. 21612.1 , 21812.2 , 21812.3 , , 21912.4 22012.5 1000 2 , 1 , 22012.6 22012.7 , , 220 13. , 22113.1 , 22313.2 , , 22413.3 , , , 224 14. 22514.1 , , 22914.2 , , 23014.3 , , 23114.4 , , , 23214.5 23314.6 23414.7 , 23814.8 , 23914.9 , 24014.10 , 24114.11 , 24114.12 , , , * 24214.13 2448 9. 15. 24515.1 , , , 247 16. , 24816.1 25016.2 , , , , 251 17. 25317.1 , , 25517.2 , , , 2005 25617.3 , 25717.4 2005 , , 25717.5 , , , 2005 258 18. , , 25918.1 , 26118.2 26118.3 , 26218.4 26218.5 ,26318.6 , 26318.7 , , , 26418.8 " " , , 265 18.9 " " 269 18.10 " " 271 19. , , , 27219.1 , 27619.2 , 276 19.3 , 27719.4 , 27719.5 27819.6 , , , , 27919.7 , , , 28019.8 , , , 28119.9 , , , 28219.10 , , , 28319.11 , , , 28419.12 1- , , , 2859 10. 19.13 , , , 28619.14 , , 28719.15 , 1000 28719.16 , , , , 2005-2006 28819.17 , , , , 28919.18 , , , , 29019.19 29019.20 29119.21 29119.22 29219.23 , 29219.24 , , , 29319.25 , , 29319.26 , , , 29419.27 , , , 29519.28 , , , , 29619.29 , , , , 29719.30 , , , 29819.31 , , , 29919.32 , , , , 30019.33 , , , , 30119.34 , , , , 30219.35 , , , , 30319.36 , , , , 30419.37 , 304 20. , , 30520.1 30720.2 , 30720.3 , 30820.4 , , , 30920.5 , , , 31020.6 , 31120.7 , , , 31120.8 , , 31220.9 , , , 31320.10 , , , , 31420.11 , , , , , , 2005 31520.12 *, , 31720.13 ( 1000 ), , , 31820.14 , , , 31920.15 *, , , 32020.16 32020.17 10000 , 10 32120.18 10000 , , 32220.19 10000 , 32220.20 10000 , , , 32310 11. 20.21 3 6 324 , , , , 2005 20.22 0-1 , 325, 2005 20.23 , 32620.24 , 32720.25 , , ,327 , 21. 32821.1 , 33021.2 33021.3 , , , 33121.4 , , , 33221.5 , 33221.6 , 33321.7 18- 10000 333 22. 33522.1 , , 33722.2 33822.3 , 1989 33822.4 , , , 33922.5 , , 34022.6 , , , , 34122.7 , , , 34222.8 , 34322.9 2006 , , ,344, , 22.10 , , 1998 34422.11 34522.12 , , , , 2003 34622.13 , , , , 200534722.14 , , 200534822.15 34822.16 , *349 23. 35123.1 , , 35323.2 , , 35323.3 , , 35423.4 , , 35423.5 , , 35523.6 , , 355 24. 35624.1 , , , , , 35824.2 , , 359, 24.3 , , , 360 11 12. 24.4 , , , 360, 24.5 , , 361 , 24.6 , , 361 , 24.7 , , , 362 24.8 , , , 362 25. 36325.1 , 2004 36325.2 , - 36725.3 2004 , 36825.4 , 36925.5 - , 37025.6 - , 37125.7 , 37225.8 , 37312 13. CONTENTSPreface4Contents13Overview37MAIN INDICATORS 53SECTION 1. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS AND TERRITORY 551.1 Administrative units, by regions, aimags and the Capital561.2 Distance between the cities, km 571.3 Mountains 581.4 Rivers581.5 Lakes 58SECTION 2. ELECTION 602.1 Popular vote cast Mongolian president 612.2 Election of state great hural and local citizens hural 622.3 Members of state great hural, by age group632.4 Members of state great hural, by professions632.5 Voters participation63SECTION 3. POPULATION 663.1 Resident population, by sex, urban and rural, at the end of the year683.2 Resident population, by age group and sex, at the end of the year 683.3 Resident population, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 693.4 Percentage of resident population, proportion of urban and rural, by regions, aimags and the Capital,70at the end of the year3.5 Number of households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year713.6 Number of households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural, at the end of the year 723.7 Number of orphan children, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 733.8 Number of single parent children, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year743.9 Number of households with 4 and more children aged below 16, by regions, aimags and the Capital,75at the end of the year3.10 Number of female-headed households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 763.11 Single woman, with children aged below 16, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the77year3.12 Births, deaths, marriages and divorces, at the end of the year 783.13 Births, deaths, marriages, divorces, per 1000 population, at the end of the year 783.14 Birth rates, by age group, at the end of the year783.15 Births, deaths, marriages, divorces and adoption, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005793.16 Births, deaths, marriages, divorces and adoptions per 1000 population, by regions, aimags and the80Capital, in 20053.17 Life expectancy at birth, by regions, aimags and the Capital 813.18 Life expectancy at birth, by sex 813.19 Number of births, by sex, regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural, in 2005823.20 Number of live births, by mothers age group, at the end of the year 823.21 Number of women who give births, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year833.22 Women who give births, by educational level, at the end of the year833.23 Number of women who give births, by marital status, regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and84rural, in 20053.24 Crude birth rate, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 853.25 Number of people died, by educational level, at the end of the year8513 14. 3.26 Crude death rate, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year863.27 Number of people died, by age group, sex, at the end of the year873.28 Number of people died, by sex, regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural, in 2005883.29 Age specific death rate, at the end of the year 893.30 Registered marriages, by sex and age group, at the end of the year893.31 Divorce, by duration of marriage, at the end of the year903.32 Adoption, by child age group, at the end of the year90SECTION 4. LABOUR FORCE944.1 Employment, at the end of the year4.2 Employees, by divisions, at the end of the year964.3 Economically active population, by region, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year974.4 Employees, by region, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 984.5 Unemployment, by sex, educational level, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year994.6 Unemployment rate, by regions, aimags and the Capital 1054.7 Annual average wages and salaries, by divisions 1074.8 Annual average wages and salaries, by type of legal status1074.9 Annual average wages and salaries, by classification of occupation1084.10 Annual average wages and salaries, by type of ownership1084.11 Number of Government employees of Mongolia*, by classificattion of government service, 1 st of 109January of selected years4.12 Number of Government employees of Mongolia*, by regions, aimags and the Capital, 1 st of 109January of selected years4.13 Number of public administration Government employees of Mongolia*, by classification of officers,1101 st of January of selected yearsSECTION 5. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1125.1 Gross domestic product, by divisions, at current prices 1135.2 Gross domestic product, by divisions, at 2000 prices1145.3 Gross National Income 1155.4 Annual change of gross domestic product, by divisions 1155.5 Industrial composition of gross domestic product, at current prices 1165.6 Private sector share in GDP, at current prices1175.7 Composition of gross domestic product, by income approach, at current prices1175.8 Composition of GDP, by expenditure approach 1185.9 Provincial gross domestic product, by aimags and the Capital, at current prices 119SECTION 6. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX 1216.1 Consumer price index of certain goods and services, by groups, 1991-I-16=1006.2 Consumer price index of certain goods and services, by groups, 2000-XII=100 1236.3 Consumer price index of certain goods and services, by groups 1246.4 Annual average prices of main goods and services, in Ulaanbaatar1256.5 Consumer price index, by aimags, 2000-XII=100 1276.6 Average price of main selected goods, by aimags 128SECTION 7. MONEY, CREDIT, STOCK 1307.1 Money supply1327.2 Foreign net reserves, end of period 1327.3 Loans oustanding, end of period 1327.4 Annual interest rate, togrogs 1337.5 Loans oustanding*, by aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year7.6 Non-performing loans outstanding*, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 1357.7 Individial deposits, by aimags and the Capital city, at the end of the year 1377.8 Exchange rates on foreign exchange market 1387.9 Stock market summary13814 15. 7.10 30 leading companies in market capitalization in 2005 1397.11 30 companies with the most active traded stocks in 2005, by number of traded stocks 140SECTION 8. BUDGET1428.1 Mongolian general government revenue, by economic classification, at current prices1438.2 Revenue of central government, by economic classification, at current prices 1448.3 Local government revenue, by economic classification, at current prices1458.4 Mongolian general government expenditure, by economic classification, at current prices1468.5 Expenditure of central government, by economic classification, at current prices 1478.6 Local government expenditure, by ecomomic classification, at current prices1488.7 Revenue of local government, by aimag and the Capital, at current prices 1498.8 Expenditure of local government, by aimag and the Capital, at current prices 1508.9 Grants from central government to local government, by aimag and the Capital city, at current prices 1518.10 Grants from local government to central government, by aimag and the Capital city, at current 151prices8.11 Mongolian general government expenditure, by functional classification, at current prices 152SECTION 9. INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION 1559.1 Investment, by technological composition, financial resources, at current prices 1569.2 Total amount of construction and capital repair, maintenance, at current price 1569.3 Structure of construction and maintenance capital repair done by construction units1569.4 Given for exploitation buildings, by kind of construction1579.5 Total construction and capital repair done by domestic and joint with foreign construction units, by 158aimag and the Capital, at current prices9.6 Grouping of construction units 1589.7 Price of building materials, by countries, at the end of the each quarters in 2005 159SECTION 10. AGRICULTURE16110.1 Gross agricultural output 16210.2 Output of main agricultural products16210.3 Main agricultural production per capita 16310.4 Number of livestock & household animals 16310.5 Number of livestock, by regions, aimags and the Capital and by type, at the end of the year 16410.6 Number of breeding stock, by regions, aimags and the Capital and by type, at the end of the year17010.7 Highest number of livestock, by type and years17210.8 Number of freshbred, crossbred, thoroughbred and improved breed animals, by type17210.9 Rearing of young animals, by type, at the end of the year 17310.10 Losses of adult animals, by type, at the end of the year 17310.11 Total livestock slaughtered for consumption, by type, end of year17410.12 Rank of first five aimags and soums by number of livestock, in 2005, by type 17510.13 Number of herdsmen households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year17710.14 Grouping of households by number of private livestock*, by group number of livestock 17710.15 Number of herdsmen, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 17810.16 Age composition of herdsmen17810.17 Selected social indicators of herdsmen households17910.18 Selected social indicators of herdsmen households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 17910.19 Number of agricultural specialist18010.20 Number of agricultural techniques18010.21 Number of livestock fence, capacity, by type 18110.22 Number of wells, by type 18115 16. 10.23 Agricultural areas 18110.24 Number of lovestock covered by precaution activities from infectious diseases and expenditure18210.25 Sown areas, by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type of plants18310.26 Total crops, by type of plants 18810.27 Yields of staple agricultural crops per hectar, by type of plants18810.28 Total crops, by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type of plants 18910.29 Yields of cereals, potatoes per hectar staple agriciltural crops, by regions, aimags and the Capital 19310.30 Gross hay harvest and laying-in of fodder, by type 19510.31 Gross hay harvest and laying-in of fodder, by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type 195SECTION 11. INDUSTRY 20211.1 Gross industrial output, by divisions and subdivisions, at current prices 20311.2 Composition of gross industrial output, by divisions and subdivisions 20411.3 Gross industrial output, by employment size class, at current prices20511.4 Gross industrial output, by divisions and subdivisions, at constant prices of 200020611.5 Sales of industrial products, by aimags and the Capital, at current prices20711.6 Output of selected industrial commodities 20811.7 Value added per employee in industry, by divisions and subdivisions, at 2000 prices 21011.8 Balance sheet of electricity21311.9 Balance sheet of coal 21411.10 Balance of thermal energy215SECTION 12. TRANSPORTATION 21712.1 Main indicators of transport, by types21812.2 Number of vehicles, by types21812.3 Number of vehicles, by aimags and the Capital 21912.4 Selected indicators of railway22012.5 Railway length per 1000 km2 territory and freight turnover, carried freight per 1 km railway length 22012.6 Selected indicators of civil air transport22012.7 Improved auto road, at the end of the year, km220SECTION 13. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 22213.1 Main indicators of information and communication technology division22313.2 Communication and postal service indicators, by kind22413.3 Number of telephones lines, by regions, aimags and the Capital224SECTION 14. FOREIGN TRADE22714.1 Total turnover, by countries, at current prices 22914.2 Exports, by countries, at current prices23014.3 Imports, by countries, at current prices23114.4 Exports and imports, by region, at current prices 23214.5 Main export commodities 23314.6 Main import commodities 23414.7 Export, by groups of commodities23814.8 Import, by groups of commodities23914.9 Price indexes of Foreign Trade, by some groups of commodities 24014.10 Volume indexes of Foreign Trade, by some groups of commodities 24114.11 Indexes of Foreign Trade and Terms of Trade24114.12 Export and import, by some group of commodities, by SITC 24214.13 Balance of payments24416 17. SECTION 15. DOMESTIC TRADE 24615.1 Total output of trade, hotel and restaurant, at current price 247SECTION 16. HOUSING, COMMUNITY SERVICE 24916.1 Housing 25016.2 Numbers of facilities for community services, by region, aimags and the Capital 251SECTION 17. TOURISM25417.1 Number of inbound and outbound passengers, by immigration post25517.2 Number of inbound passengers, by purpose of visit, as of 2005 25617.3 Number of inbound and outbound foreign passengers through the border of Mongolia, by country25717.4 Arrivals of foreign passengers from abroad in the 2005, by purpose of visit, geographical region25717.5 Outbound domestic passengers, by immigration posts, purpose of visit, as of 2005258SECTION 18. HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE AND LIVING STANDARD 26018.1 Monthly average total and monetary income per household, at the current price 26118.2 Composition of monthly average total and monetary income per household26118.3 Monthly average total expenditure per household, at current price 26218.4 Composition of monthly average expenditure per household26218.5 Monthly foodstuff consumption per adult equivalent26318.6 Calorie and composition of daily foodstuff consumption per adult equivalent 26318.7 Minimum subsistance level of population, per capita a month, by region and years26418.8 Investments for the improvement of the health, education and infrastructure in rural areas in the 265framework of "Sustainable livelihoods project"18.9 Investments for the pastural risk management the framework of "Sustainable livelihoods project" 26918.10 Loans provided with the framework of "Sustainable livelihoods project" 271SECTION 19. EDUCATION, SCIENCE, CULTURE AND ARTS 27419.1 Number of educational institutions, at the beginning of the academic year 27619.2 Number of pupils and students in educational institutions, at the beginning of the academic year27619.3 Number of graduates in educational institutions, at the beginning of the academic year27719.4 Number of teachers in educational institutions, at the beginning of the academic year 27719.5 Some indicators of general educational schools27819.6 Students and graduates of domestic higher educational institutions, by fields of education27919.7 Number of general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital28019.8 Number of pupils in general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital28119.9 Proportion of teachers pupils in general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital 28219.10 Number of teachers in general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital 28319.11 Number of graduates of general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital28419.12 Number of pupils enrolled in 1st grade of general educational schools, by region, aimags and the 285Capital17 18. 19.13 Number of dormitory pupils of general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital 28619.14 Pre-school institutions and number of children, at the beginning of the academic year28719.15 Number of pupils and students in educational institutions, per 1000 population 28719.16 Gross enrolment ratio (GER), by region, aimags and the Capital , at the 2005-2006 academic year28819.17 Number of kindergartens and teacher in kindergartens, by region, aimags and the Capital28919.18 Number of children in creches and kindergartens, by region, aimags and the Capital 29019.19 Budget educational sector29019.20 Main indicators of science and research sector 29119.21 Full-time employees with scientific degree 29119.22 Number of research works, funded from central budget 29219.23 Public libraries, at the end of the year 29219.24 Public libraries, by regions, aimags and the Capital 29319.25 Number of employees of state art and culture institutions, by type 29319.26 Total seat number of public libraries, by regions, aimags and the Capital29419.27 Total number of permanent readers of public library, by regions, aimags and the Capital29519.28 Performance of professional arts organization, by regions, aimags and the Capital29619.29 Exhibit of museum, number of visitors, by regions, aimags and the Capital29719.30 Number of cultural centers, by regions, aimags and the Capital 29819.31 Total number of cultural centers, by regions, aimags and the Capital 29919.32 Number of monasteries and temples, by religion type, regions, aimags and the Capital 30019.33 Number of employees, by religion type, regions, aimags and the Capital 30119.34 Monks, by religion type, regions, aimags and the Capital 30219.35 Number of students studying in religious school and datsans, by religion type, regions, aimags and 303the Capital19.36 Number of apprentices who studies at home, by religion type, regions, aimags and the Capital 30419.37 Number of students studying in religious school and datsans, and number of apprentices who 304studies at home, by age groupSECTION 20. HEALTH AND SOCIAL INSURANCE, WELFARE 30620.1 Health institutions 30720.2 Number of hospital beds, by type30720.3 Employees of health organizations, by specialization categories 30820.4 Number of physicians, by regions, aimags and the Capital30920.5 Number of pharmacists, by regions, aimags and the Capital 31020.6 Number of mid-level medical personnel, by specialization31120.7 Number of persons per physician, by regions, aimags and the Capital 31120.8 Number of persons per nurse, by regions, aimags and the Capital 31220.9 Number of patients hospitalized, by regions, aimags and the Capital 31320.10 Infectious diseases, of registered, by classification of diseases regions, aimags and the Capital31420.11 Number of live births, by sex, weight, gramm, by regions, aimags and the Capital in 2005 31520.12 Number of deaths by classification of diseases, by sex 31720.13 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births), by regions, aimags and the Capital 31820.14 Number of maternal deaths, by regions, aimags and the Capital31920.15 Abortions*, by regions, aimags and the Capital 32020.16 National health expenditures 32020.17 Inpatient morbidity per 10000 population, diseases 10 of the leading causes32120.18 Incidence of malignant neoplasms, deaths, per 10000 population, by type malignant neoplasms32220.19 Incidence of malignant neoplasms, per 10000 population, by age group 32220.20 Incidence of malignant neoplasms deaths per 10000 population, by aimags and the Capital32318 19. 20.21 Percentage of pregnant women who attended to anc* 6 and more times in the first 3 months, by324aimags and the Capital, at the end of 200520.22 Immunization coverage for infants, by immunization, in 2005 32520.23 Income and expenditure of social welfare services for the state budget32620.24 Number of persons who received social welfare services, by type 32720.25 Pension provided by the social insurance fund, by type of pension and by involvement of327pensioners, at the end of the yearSECTION 21. CRIME 32921.1 Number of offences committed, by type of offences33021.2 Number of persons sentenced33021.3 Number of offences committed, by regions, aimags and the Capital 33121.4 Number of persons sentenced, by regions, aimags and the Capital33221.5 Number of persons sentenced, by educational level33221.6 Number of persons sentenced, by age group33321.7 Number of offences per 10000 population of age 18 and above333SECTION 22. NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT33622.1 Annual average temperature, by aimags and the Capital33722.2 Land classification of Mongolia33822.3 Life forms of vascular plants, 198933822.4 Number of days with rainfall, by aimags center and the Capital 33922.5 Climate, by aimags and the Capital 34022.6 Number of forest fires, by times and fire affected, regions, aimags and the Capital34122.7 Forest harvest volume, by regions, aimags and the Capital34222.8 Capital investment for protectoin and rehabilitation of natural resources34322.9 Maximium limit of hunting wild animals for domestic purpose, 2006, by regions, and aimags, hunting344animals22.10 Composition of vascular and lower plants of Mongolia, in 1998 34422.11 Land degradation34522.12 Report of the surface water census, by regions, aimags and the Capital, 200334622.13 Annual average concentration of pollution in air, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 34722.14 Annual average concentration of pollution in air, by the Capitals stations, in 200534822.15 Amount of pollution permissible in the air concentration34822.16 Disasters occurred and the damages349SECTION 23. PRODUCTIVITY35223.1 Total productivity, by divisions, at current prices35323.2 Total factor productivity, by divisions, at current prices 35323.3 Labour productivity, by divisions, at current prices 35423.4 Capital productivity, by divisions, at current prices35423.5 Row material productivity, by divisions, at current prices 35523.6 Electricity productivity, by divisions, at current prices355SECTION 24. BUSINESS REGISTER 35624.1 Number of legal units, by regions, aimags and the Capital, end of selected years 35824.2 Number of legal units, by sectors of economic activities, end of selected years35924.3 Number of legal units, by employment size class, end ofselected years360 19 20. 24.4 Number of active legel units, by aimags and the Capital, end of selected years36024.5 Number of active legal units, by sectors of economic activities, end of selected years36124.6 Number of active legal units, by employment size class, end of selected years 36124.7 Number of legal units, by districts, end of selected years36224.8 Number of legal units, by the legal status, end of selected years 362SECTION 25. WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 36325.1 Size of economy, as of 2003 36325.2 Integration with the global economy, % of GDP 36725.3 Distribution of net aid by development assistance committee members, 2003, by regions 36825.4 Official development aid dependency, by some selected countries of the regions36925.5 Structure of output, by some selected countries of the regions37025.6 Structure of final demand, by some selected countries of the regions37125.7 International trade, selected countries of the regions37225.8 Implementation of millennium development goals, by some selected countries of the regions 37320 21. Overview , . 2005 2562.4 , 2004 1.2 29.3 . 49.6 , 50.4 100 98.5 . . 2005 205.4 2002 14.0 , 2004 4.0 .2005 60.2 1543.3 . -, , , , , , , 80 . 2005 611.0 58.5 , 41.5 4.2 . 65.2 62.1, 68.6 . . 1000 2002 19.1 2005 17.8 , 2002 6.8 . 2005 2002 3.4 , 2004 0.4 . 100 103 . 2002 2.1; 2003, 2004 2.0 2005 1.9 . 2002, 2003 6.4;2004, 2005 6.5 . . 2005 16.5 5.7 . 100 155 , . 1000 2005 (7.5), -(7.4), (7.5), (7.5), (7.1) ;- (5.5), (5.8), - (5.5), (5.8) .2005 15.0 , 1.6 , 3.8 . 2004 33.4 , 47.7 . 1000 2003- 2004 2005 , 2002 . . . . 21 22. 2005 52.5 10.4 5.4 , 89.6 47.1 . 2002 4.7 2003 5.2 9.8 463 , 2005 5.4 2004 0.4 20 . 2002 43.6 , 2003 44.9 ,2004 46.3 , 2005 47.1 2002 8.1 3519 ,2004 1.8 883 .16 4 2002 57.6 2003 53.5 ,2004 46.7 , 2005 42.4 . 2004 65.7 2005 70.3 7.1 4.6 . 2005 15.1 , 25.4 , 18.9 , 9.3 , 31.3 . 16 2004 45.1 2005 48.4 7.3 3.3 . , , , . . 1992 , ( )- ; , . , . 2005 63.5 , 2004 0.9 1.9 7.6 . 2002 96.6 2005 96.7 0.1 . , , , , , , , . , , ( )- . , . , , 22 23. Overview, , . . . 2005 1 1- 121.8 2.1 2.5 ,7.6 9.3 , 18.9 23.0 , 71.4 86.9 . 43.4 37.0 , 5.3 , 1.0 (Ph.D)- ,0.2 (Sc.D)- . 23.7 , 19.8 , 13.0 , 0.1 . 2000 4 , , , , ,, . 1000 , . 2005 101.2 2002 42.1 , 2003 24.1 , 2004 8.7 . , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , . ()- , , . 1991 . 1994 3- . 23 24. - . 2005 () 2266.5 , 2000 1329.5 , 2004 6.2 78.0 . . - 6.2 5.2 , 1.6 , , , 0.6 . 899.3 , 2004 141.1 . 1989 - 3.3 2005 77.4 , . - , 100.0 , 99.9 , , , 99.8 , 94.1 . ()2005 9.5 15.6%, , , 7.2%, , 5.9%, , , 5.5 %, 5.2%, , , 4.3%, , 2.7 , , , x 0.4 . , , , , 2000-2005 , 2005 1170.1 . , . (2)- 2000-2005 . 2005 13.0 , 2004 3.9 . , ,, . 2005 859.9 2004 41.7 . 2003 4.8 ,2004 6.4 2005 5.7 3 .24 25. Overview . 2005 3.2 28.3 , 4.5 14.8 . . 2005 1205.27 , 2004 20.1 . Y . , 2003 1- 1- , Y , , , , . 2005 392 66 , 326 . 2005 253 , 26.3 0.4 . 2000 , 2005 78.7 . Y 22.2 , 21.3 56.5 . , - 2003 1 1- , , , , . - 2002 , . , , 2005 2004 17.5 , 1.6 . , 99.4 . , , ,2003 - 4.2 , 2004 2.1 2005 73.3 - / / 3.2 . 1999 2004 - 8.8 2005 - 10.2 1.4 . , 2001 489.7 2004 752.5 , 2005 764.6 . 2005 600.3 , 142.7 25 26. . 20.7 - 0.9 . 2005 179.1 , 82.1 147.1 , 17.9 32.0 . , 2004 2.8 4.9 . 2005 101.2 , 2004 14.2 12.6 . 2005 144 227.0 .. 2.7 81 ; 46.4 .. 23 ; 1.6 .. 6 ; 3.0.. 3 . 2005 22.0 389.4 , 3.2 746.9 . . , , . 2005 - 21.7 , 84.9 . 39.9 , . 2000-2002 , , , 11.2 , . 2005 30.4 ,2004 8.5 2.4 . 254.2 , 2029.1 , 1963.6 , 12884.5 , 13267.4 , 2004 23.8 , 122.0 , 1.2 , 1.0 , 2.4 . 2005 2004 36.9 . 385.5 . 2005 . 19 ,, -, , , , -, , , ,, , , , , , , , 2004 2.7-20.4 17.8-294.7 -, , . , , - 2004 1.9-4.7 26.2-56.9 .26 27. Overview 2005 664 1.3 , , 119.7 18.1 . 2005 13 734.8 21.8 . . 1990 700.0-880.0 , 100.0-120.0 , 500.0-700.0 . 1990 , , , . 1990-1996 . , . 2005 189.5 159.1 - , 9.8 - , 5.9 - ,5.2 - , 75.5 , 82.8 , 64.1 , 8.3 , 845.1 , 41.7 2004 10.9 - 5.5 ; 2.6. 3.2 , 14.9 . - 30.2 , , 63.3 .- 45.7 . 2005 , . - 4.7 , 84.8 2004 3.3 -, 3.5 . 2005 2000 813.1 , 2004 35.6 4.2 . 2004 2005 ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1.3-76.0 ; , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 27 28. , 1.6-66.1 . 2005 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 118 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , 98 . 2004 , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, 2005 . , . 2005 1463.3 ( ) , . 52.8 773.1 . 66.4 , ; 19.5 ; 14.1 , , . , . . , , , . , , , 1815 97.0 . 2005 25.2 , 192.7 , 10267.1 ., 2696.6 , 308.1 . 14.4 , 62.8 , 22.8 . 8.4 . 2005 2004 16.7 , 0.8 . 2005 131.2 87.8 , 27.4 , 11.1 , 3.6 , 1.3 28 29. Overview . 101.6 77.4 . 2005 6.1 , 2.3 . 2004 443.4 , 377.9 - . , , 2002 256.8 , 14.0 2005 570.9 , 23.0 2002 2.2 , 63.9 . 2005 300- . 1000 2002 55 2005 63 . 1996 2005 20 , 29, , 77.3 . , 2005 , , , , , CDMA450 . , , 17 , . 21 , 99 , , 100 30- . . , 1990 , . 1997 . 2005 2249.2 ., 1064.9 , 1184.3 . . 2004 19.0 , 22.4 , 16.0 . 2005 , , . Y , 6.4 2004 32.0 . . 2005 555.6 . 5 29 30. 2000 94.9 , 2004 10.0 . 2004 101.0 ., , 7.4 ., , 88.3 . . , . , , , , , , , , , 2004 54.5 ., 89.9 ., , , , 12.2 . . 2005 170.4 . ,2004 2.7 107.0 . . . 2005 19.7 ., 136.5 . . 2004 8.5 12.5 . 133.8 . . 29.9 . 2004 6.8 . . 2005 97.3 . 2004 4.7 . , 127.2 . . 134.5 . 2004 3.9 99.9 . . , 277.5 2005 7371.2 , 2002 10.6 , 2003 6.8 , 2004 3,4 . 2005 96.7 2004 6.5 . 2005 1039 , 2004 3.7 . 2005 273.4 11.7 4.8 . 2004 349 2005 369 5.7 .30 31. Overview 740 2005 2004 19.4 . 2005 , 2.1 , 14.2 . 2005 49.7 -, 18.0 - , 9.0 - , 3.8 ,3.0 - , 16.5 . 2005 344.7 2004 13.0 . 2005 81.9 30 , 14.1 90 , 4.0 90 3.8 , 65.2 , , 30.6 , 0.2 , 0.2 , . 51.7 Y ,15.0 , 8.2 , 5.9 - , 19.2 . 2005 740.1 88.3 , , , . 2005 30 . , , , . 2005 2004 22 , 2003 45 , , 2005 2004 15 , 2003 51 . 2005 2004 24 , 2003 33 , , 2005 2004 17 , 2003 38 . () () . 2005 2004 55 , 2003 42 . 52.3 . , , , . , 1995,1998, 2002-2004 31 32. , . . , 2000 15 97.6 . 2005-2006 556.9 724 2002-2003 29.0 2004-2005 0.4 . , 2005-2006 10.7 2004-2005 1.4 11.7 . , ,, 2005-2006 162.0 . 2005-2006 70.4 , 29.6 . ., 2004-2005 128.1 , 2003-2004 9.9 , 2002-2003 25.2 . 7-15 2005-2006 9.0 . 2004-2005 2.0 2005-2006 1.6 , 0.4 . 2004-2005 2005-2006 55.7 2004-2005 27.5 . 11 7 - . 7 , 7 , 8 - . - 2004-2005 . , 2002-2003 25.4; 2003-2004 25.8; 2004-2005 26.0 . 2005-2006 24.6 2004-2005 1.4 . - , 2005-2006 22.6 2002-2003 1.9 9.0 , 2004-2005 1.2 5.4 . , 2004-2005 22.4 27.1 , ; 12.4 , , ; 10.0 . 2003-2004 , 10.9 , 2004-2005 7.5 . 2005-2006 95.0 2003-2004 1.1 , 2004-2005 8.4 . 2005 3.2 70.4 .32 33. Overview 2002 71 2003 62, 2004 56 , 2005 58 . 2005 29.8 ; 23.9 ; 11.6 ; 10.5 ; 11.0 ; 13.3 , . , . , 2002 307 , 296.8 2005 283 205.8 . /1992 / , . , , . (, ), . 2005 240 2004 6.7 . 2005 65.4 ; 29.2 ; 2.9 ; 2.5 . 2005 14.1 ; 24.6 ; 21.7 ; 7.9 ; 31.7 . 2005 4.4 2.6 . 206 7.8 ; 432 16.4 ; 299 11.4; 157 6.0 ; 1533 58.4 . 5.6 2004 12.7 , 2.4 2.1 . 1990- , , . , , . , . 2005 33.6 6.8 , 8.0 , 0.8 , 14.5 , 3.6 , . 1.2 . 2002 6823 33 34. 2003 6637 2.7 , 2004 6590 2003 0.7 , 2005 6788 2004 0.3 .2005 375 . , , , ; , , .2005 18.3 , 2004 0.5 .10000 2005 72, 27, 57 . 2002 37.7 2003 26.9 2004 31.3 , 2005 32.3 . , , , . 2005 8.0 2004 9.4 . 2005 10.5 2004 0.8 . , 2005 43.3 2004 1.8 . 2005 99.7 . 2005 42.0 2004 1.7 17.7 . 2004 , . 2005 754.8 2002 5.8 , 2003 5.0 , 2004 4.9 . 2005 53.9 , 8.8 . 2005 292.4 647.5 2004 19.3 . 2005 18.1 . 2004 6.4 2005 276.8 . 2005 65.0 , 17.8 , 12.6 , 4.6 . , . , 2002 67.4 2005 65.0 2002 14.6 2005 17.8 . 2003 3 . 2005 34 35. Overview 8.3 ; 15.0 ; 18.7 ; 8.7 ; 47.1 . 2005 , 25.9 ; 51.1 ; 9.1 ; , 6.8 ; . 2004 , , . , 2005 4.5 2004 0.3 . , 2005 352 2004 13.7 . Y 90.9 2004 15.3 . 48.4 . 75.1 , 3.7 , 6.6 , 7.6 , 4.2 , . 96.5 , , , , , 2005 2004 14.7-47.4 . 2005 10.2 8.6 , 11.8 5.9 . 2003 . 2005 2.0 75.5 1.5 , ; 18.2 ; 6.3 . 50 0.7 , . , , , , , , , , , , . , , . 2005 73.7 ; 15.8 ; 9.4 ; 0.6 ; 0.3 , , ; 0.2 , , . 2005 47 2 ; 19 ; 17 ; 5 ; 4 . , 2005 2086.5 , 2000 1.6 26.3 , 28.7 35 36. , 38.5 , 6.5 . 2005 11482.6 326.0 . ; 10586.3 . ; 26.7 . ; 347.8 . ; 2.7 . , 193.1 . . , , . , , 3 . , , , . , 2005 0.76 ,2004 8.6 . , , 2.62-2.74 . , 2005 3.13 ,2004 4.7 . , , , , . 2005 11.8 ; 4.7 ; 16.9 ; 2362.4 , 2004 0.4-21.3 .36 37. Overview OVERVIEW Population The number of population have been increasing, however population growth rate hasdeclined over the last few years. At of the end of 2005, resident population of Mongolia was 2million and 562.4 thousand. This is an increase by 1.2 percent or 29.3 thousand since 2004.The49.6 percent of the total population is men and 50.4 percent is women in that year, giving a sexratio at of 98.5 males per 100 females. Migration stream to Ulaanbaatar city has not slowed down. The population has beenincreasing year by year in Ulaanbaatar. In 2005, it is estimated that there are 205.4 people persquare kilometer in Ulaanbaatar. So it was increased by 14.0 percent in 2002 and by 4.0 percentin 2004. As of 2005, about 60.2 percent of the total population or 1543.3 thousand people livedin urban areas. Moreover, more than half of the populations of Darkhan-Uul, Orkhon, Govisumber,Dornod and Dornogovi provinces were living in urban areas, whereas more than 80 percent ofthe population of Arkhangai, Ovorkhangai amd Tov provinces lived in rural areas. In 2005, about 58.5 percent of the 611.0 thousand private households lived in urbanareas and the rest of 41.5 percent in rural areas. The population of Mongolia was 4.2 personsper household in 2005. In 2005, the average life expectancy estimated as 65.2, of them, 62.1 for males and68.6 for females. The main cause for slowing of the population growth affects in natural increase. Thecrude birth rate was 19.1 per 1000 population in 2002, but it has decreased by 6.8 percent in2005. In 2005, the number of live births decreased by 3.4 percent in 2002 and 0.5 percent in2004 respectively. From international experience, it is generally expected that the sex ratio atbirth is within the range from 104 to 106. The sex ratio at birth in our country was 103.0 in 2005.Total fertility rate was decreased by 2.1 percent in 2002 and 2.1 percent in 2003 and 2004 and1.9 percent in 2005. Total fertility rate hasnt reached the replacement level of fertility. The crude death rate in our country was 6.4 in 2002 and 2003, and 6.5 in 2004 and2005. The infant mortality rate furthermore goes down and reaches the bottom at the agegroup. In 2005, 16.5 thousand people died, of which the 5.8 percent were infant mortality. Thesex ratio of death was estimated that 155 males per 100 females in 2005. It has been increasingover the last years. Crude death rate varied by aimags. In 2005, the highest crude death ratewas registered in the Dornod(7.5), Darkhan-Uul(7.4), Tov (7.5), Omnogobi (7.5), Uvs (7.1) andthe lowest in the Bayan-Ulgii (5.5), Khovd (5.8), Govi-Altai (5.5)and Zavkhan (5.8). In 2005, 15.0 thousand people were married whereas 1.6 thousand people were divorcedand 3.8 thousand children were adopted. Compared with the previous year, marriage decreasedby 33.4 percent, divorce increased by 47.7 percent and the adoption of child increased by 15.4percent, respectively. Crude marriage rate has decreased steadily between the years 2004-2005 per 1000 population, but it increased in 2005. Crude divorce rate has slightly increasedsince 2002.Some social indicators for households and populationThe Government of Mongolia has been taking considerable measures focused on thehigh righted issues concerning with maternal and childrens health condition. But still, there is agroup of people who need social welfare assistance. In recent years, the number of orphan and37 38. half-orphan children has increased. As of 2005, there were 52.5 thousand children wereestimated as orphan, of whom 10.4 percent or 5.4 thousand is orphan and 89.6 percent or 47.1thousand is half orphan. Number of orphan children was 4.7 thousand in 2002 but it increasedby 9.8 percent or 463 children to 5.2 thousand in 2003, but from 2004 by 0.4 percent or 20children to 5.4 thousand in 2005 respectively.In 2002, the number of half orphan children was 43.6 thousand, 44.9 thousand in 2003,46.3 thousand in 2004, and 47.1 thousand in 2005 increased by 8.1 percent or 3519 childrenfrom 2002, from 2004 by 1.8 percent or 833 children respectively.The number of households that has 4 or more children under 16 was 57.6 thousand in2002 and was decreased by 53.5 thousand in 2003, 46.7 thousand in 2004 and increased by42.4 thousand in 2005 respectively. Number of female-headed households was 65.7 thousandin 2004 but it increased by 7.1 percent or 4.6 thousand households to 70.3 thousand in 2005.By 2005, 15.1 percent of total female-headed households have been found in Western regionwhile 25.4 percent- in Khangai region, 18.9 percent- in Central region, 9.3 percent- in Easternregion and 31.3 percent- in the Capital city of Ulaanbaatar, respectively.Number of single woman with children under 16 was 45.1 thousand in 2004 but itincreased by 7.3 percent or 3.3 thousand to 48.4 thousand in 2005. Labor forceResulting from transition period from a centrally planned economy to a market economy,Mongolia faced with many challenges. For instance, the number of unemployment has increasedbecause of structural change of economy, depression of production and cease of industries aswell as enterprises. Following them Employment regulation office has been set up to provideemployment services such as intermediating with job places and retraining. From 1992 peoplewho are registered with Labor and Social welfare departments (former employment office) areconsidered as unemployed in accordance with the international concepts and methodology.Accordingly, labor force or economically active population, labor force participation rate andunemployment rate have been estimated by national average, capital city, aimags, age groupsand sex.The main indicator that shows labor market development and economic activity ofpopulation is labor force participation rate. This indicator has increased a bit for the last fewyears. In 2005, labor force participation rate reached to 63.5 percent which decreased by 0.9percent from 2004. However number of employed population increased by 1.9 percentages,the number of registered people considered as unemployed decreased by 7.6 percent. Thishas resulted from the decrease of participation rate.At the national level, share of employed population in economically active populationwas 96.6 percent in 2002, 96.7 percent in 2005 and increased by 0.1 percent.For the economic activity sectors, number of employed population has increased in alleconomic sectors except agriculture, hunting and forestry, manufacturing, real estate, renting& business activities and community, social & personal services for the last few years.The registered unemployment rate, that has been decreasing lately, is associated withthe increased number of people who found jobs by the support of aimag and capital citys Laborand Social welfare departments (former employment office).Shares of man and woman in economically active population and employed populationare nearly the same while women account greater share than men registered as unemployed.Proportion of the unemployed people with higher education or untrained people hasincreased among registered as unemployed in the aimag and city Labor and Social welfare38 39. Overviewdepartments while share of people with special secondary education and completion of vocationaltraining center have declined.Also this section presents data related to Government employees of Mongolia. Thesedata, compiled from official source of data, comes from Government Service Council of Mongolia.Moreover, the data, concerned with Mongolian government employees was included inthis section. This data was compiled by the official data resource of the Government ServiceCouncil.By January 1, 2005, 121.8 thousand government employees was calculated in its totalnumber, of which 2.1 percent or 2.5 thousand was along with political positions, 7.6 percent or9.3 thousand of them were calculated as public administration positions, 18.9 percent or 23.0thousand were special service positions and 71.4 percent or 86.9 thousand were along withsupport service positions.According to the data, estimated by education level, 43.4 percent of the total governmentemployees are with higher level of education degree and 37 percent of them have bachelorand diploma degrees, 5.3 percent of them have master degree, 1.0 percent of them havedoctors degree (Ph.D) and 0.2 percent of them have Scientific Doctors degree.23.7 percent of the total government employees are with special secondary, 19.8 percentof them have complete secondary level of education, 13.0 percent of them have non-completesecondary and primary levels of education and 0.1 percent of them have no formal education.Average wages and salariesSample survey on average wages and salaries has been carried out quarterly since 4thquarter of 2000 and the results are estimated by gender, economic activity sector, occupation,types of organization, ownership and responsibility by aimag and the capital. Over 1000organizations with various economic activity and ownership are covered by the sample surveyevery quarter.As of 2005, annual average wages and salary is 101.2 thousand tugrugs which is 42.1percent higher than 2002, and 24.1 percent higher than 2003, and 8.7 percent higher than2004.In economic activity sectors, average salaries for electricity, gas and water supply,construction, hotels, restaurants, transport and storage communication, financial intermediation,public administration, defense, compulsory social security and are higher than other sectorsand national average.In addition, average salaries for companies limited and state enterprises are higherthan national average and other economic entities.Gross domestic product During the transition period to a market economy, Mongolia faced a challenge to conformnational statistical information system with the international standards. The bottom-line of thischallenge is to develop and implement the National Accounts in the framework of 1993 SNA. In 1991, Government of Mongolia passed its resolution to ensure the preparation forintroduction and implementation of SNA and in March 1994, Law on Statistics was adopted bythe Parliament and put into force. Within the enforcement of the law, actions were taken toimplement SNA into national statistical practice.39 40. In 2005, preliminary GDP was 2266.5 billion tugrugs at current prices and 1329.5 billiontugrugs at constant prices of 2000. It shows an increase by 6.2 percent or by 78.0 billion tugrugscompared with the previous year. This increase was achieved mainly by growth of the servicesector. The growth of 6.2 percent was provided by service sector contributing 5.2 points andagriculture hunting and forestry sector 1.6 points respectively, and industrial sector decreasedby 0.6 points.Per capita GDP at current prices has reached to 899.3 thousand tugrugs, comparedwith 2004 it has increased by 141.1 thousand tugrugs.Private sector share was only 3.3 % in GDP in 1989 but in 2005 it was reached to 77.4%accordingly.The share of private sector in GDP is accordingly higher in the following sectors: inhotels and restaurants sector 100 %, in trade sector 99.9 %, in agriculture, hunting and forestrysector 99.8 %, in construction sector 94.1%.Consumer price index (CPI)In 2005, consumer price overall index increased by 9.5% of which foodstuff by 15.6%,medical goods and care by 7.2%, transport and communication by 5.9%, cultural goods andrecreation by 5.5%, household goods by 5.2% , housing, heating and electricity by 4.3 %, andother goods and services by 2.7%, prices of clothing and footwear group decreased by 0.4%.Money, creditAs a result of supporting financial market loan competition, decreasing commercial loaninterest rate and providing favorable economical conditions, the money supply has increasedeach year during 2000-2005 reaching 1170.1 bln. tugrugs in 2005. This increase of individualsand corporate deposits in banks has resulted as a real economic growth. The share of currencyoutside of the banks in money supply or M2 is one of the criterion indicators of monetary statistics.This indicator has been declined since 2000 through 2005. It reached 13.0 percent in 2005,showing a decrease of 3.9 points compared with 2004.Expansion of bank deposits lead the strengthening of financial intermediation sector,which in turn fuels the increase of individuals and corporate loans. In 2005, loans provided bycommercial banks amounted to 859.9 bln. tugrugs, which was higher by 41.7 percent comparedwith 2004. The percentage of non-performing loans in total loans was comparatively stable inthe last 3 years. In 2003 percentage was 4.8, in 2004 was 6.4 percent and in 2005 was 5.7percent.Even though interest rate is relatively high, the tendency of its gradual decrease can beseen from the last years. Average interest rate of commercial banks tugrug loans declined by3.2 points in 2005 compared with previous year ending at 28.3. Whereas foreign currency loaninterest fell by 4.5 points compared with 2004 reaching 14.8 percent.The tugrug value to US dollar value raised slightly in 2005. Bank of Mongolias officialexchange average rate of one US dollar to tugrug was 1205.27 tugrugs in 2005, whichdepreciated by 20.1 tugrugs compared with 2004.Stock exchange market. In January 1st of 2003, Stock Exchange organizational structurechanged divided into two independent legal units Stock Exchange Co. and Securities clearing40 41. Overviewhouse and central depository Co. Ltd. In light of this change, works such as settlement andregistration of securities certified ownership title were done.At the Stock exchange, totally 392 companies were registered by the end of 2005, ofwhich 66 were state owned companies and 326 fully privatized companies.In 2005, stocks were traded during 253 days. The total trade volume of securities reached26.3 million, of which 0.4 million were bonds. Since 2000, trading of Government and privatecompanies bonds have increased significantly, reaching 78.7 percent in total trade, whereasbonds were 22.2 percent and stocks 21.3 percent in securities trade in 2005.General government budgetSince 2000, budget and fiscal policies as well as certain steps have been taken for themacroeconomic stabilization.To be filled with fiscal management, new law environment, enhancing the public sectorpotential, and some public duties was moved to supply and financing production in order byPublic Sector Finance and Management Law, which adhere to from 1 January, 2003.In November, 2002, Law on Mongolian General Government Budget was approvedand reflected major changes of classification in budget revenue and expenditure.Total budget revenue and grants have been increasing since 2000, compared with2004, result of revenue and grants of 2005 increased by 17.5 percent, expenditure financingincreased by 1.6 percent. Current revenue was 99.4 percent of the total revenue and grants.As a result of the Government policy to improve the budget balance and to ensure thefiscal stabilization, last years budget overall deficit have been decreased. Overall deficit ofGDP were 4.2 percent in 2003 and 2.1 percent in 2004. But in 2005, the surplus of budgetreached 73.3 bln.tugrugs, which accounted for 3.2 percent of preliminary estimation of GDP.Current budget surplus also has been increasing since 1999. Current budget surplus asof GDP was 8.8 percent in 2004, and in 2005 preliminary result of GDP increased by 1.4 points,reaching 10.2 percent.Total budget expenditure and net lending was 489.7 bln.tugrugs in 2001, 752.5bln.tugrugs in 2004, and in 2005 accounted for 764.6 bln.tugrugs. In 2005, current expenditurewas 600.3 bln.tugrugs, which is 142.7 bln.tugrugs was wages and salary foundation of publicsector officials. Interest payments were 20.7 bln.tugrugs or 0.9 percent of GDP. Construction For 2005, 179.1 bln.tugrugs were spent on construction and installation work bypreliminary results of which domestic construction entities reached of 82.1 percent or 147.1bln.tugrugs and foreign construction units 17.9 percent or 32.0 bln.tugrugs. Construction andinstallation work increased by 2.8 percent or 4.9 bln.tugrugs compared with 2004. In 2005, construction entities have built buildings of 101.2 bln.tugrugs, such as residentialbuildings and service centers.This indicator increased by 14.2 percent or 12.6 bln.tugrugs compared with 2004. In 2005, there were 144 new constructions have been built of which 81 residentialbuildings of 227.0 thous. square meters of 2.7 thous. householdslt; as well 23 buildings fortrade and service of 46.4 thous. square meters; hotel and cafe 6 buildings of 1.6 thous. squaremeters, and 3 buildings for manufacturing purpose of 3.0 thous. square meters were builtaccordingly. 41 42. In 2005, 22.0 bln.tugrugs were spent on the State budget investment for auto-roadindustry. Of which 389.4 km long auto-road with hard cover was built and 746.9km gravel roadwith cost of 3.2 bln.tugrugs was constructed with foreign investment in 2005.AgricultureLivestock husbandry. The main foundation of Mongolias economy, pasturing livestockhusbandry still plays an important role in the economy, employment and export revenues ofMongolia. To date, 20.5 percent of GDP is produced by the agricultural sector, of which 80.0percent accounts for livestock husbandry. Also, 40.2 percent of total labor force of the countryis engaged in the agricultural sector and form around one forth of export income.In 2000-2002, by the result of natural disasters, drought and dzud, losses of animalsreached 11.2 million followed by decline of livestock husbandry production.By the end of 2005, in total 30.4 million livestock heads were counted, which was higherby 8.5 percent or 2.4 million heads compared with 2004. Livestock census 2005 revealed thatthere are 254.2 thousand camels, 2029.1 thousand horses, 1963.6 thousand cattle, 12884.5thousand sheep and 13267.4 thousand goats. The number of horses increased by 23.8thousand, cattle by 122.0 thousand, sheep by 1.2 million and goats by 1.0 million respectively.But camel decreased by 2.4 thousand heads compared with 2004. In 2005, number of younganimals was higher by 36.8 million heads and adult animals loss was higher by 385.5 thousand.In 2005 the overall increase of the number of livestock was provided by growth of sheep andgoats.In Govisumber, Orkhon, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Bulgan, Tov, Darkhan-Uul,Arkhangai, Khentii, Zavkhan, Dornod, Khovd, Ulaanbaatar, Khovsgol, Selenge, Ovorkhangai,Omnogovi, Uvs, and Dundgovi aimags the number of livestock increased by 2.7-20.4 percentor 17.8-294.7 thousand heads compared with the previous year. And in Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongorand Khovd aimags, the number of all livestock was increased. But in Sukhbaatar, Dornogoviand Bayan-Olgii aimags the number of livestock decreased by 1.9-4.7 percent or 26.2-56.9thousand heads compared with 2004.In 2005, 1.3 thousand veterinarians worked for the 664 veterinary service units, whichcovered veterinary service to 18.1 million livestock of total 119.7 thousand households.There were 13 kinds of disease registered, 734.8 thousand livestock were involved inlaboratory precaution examination and 21.8 million of them were covered by precautions in2005.Crop farming. Before 1990 the sectors output was 700.0-880.0 thousand tones ofcrop, 100.0-120.0 thousand tones of potato, and 500.0-700.0 tones of livestock fodder. Before1990 land cultivation sectors policy was to fully meet domestic demand for crop, potato,vegetables, and livestock fodder as well as to export while in 1990-1996 consistent with theprinciple of the closer the property the better its operation, land cultivation entities weretransformed into joint stock companies with state ownership. Land cultivation production droppedsignificantly due to reduced direct and indirect support from the Government and lack ofmanagement skills and capacity to run the business in the market economy.In 2005, there were 189.5 thous.hectares of sown area, which consists of 159.1thous.hectares of cereals, 9.8 thous.hectares of potatoes, 5.9 thous.hectares of vegetables,5.2 thous.hectares of fodder crops and total amount of 75.5 thous.tones cereals, 82.8 thous.tonespotatoes, 64.1 thous.tones vegetables, 8.3 thous.tones fodder crops were harvested. As well845.1 thous.tones hay harvest and 41.7 thous.tones hand made fodder were prepared.Compared with 2004, total sown area was decreased by 10.9 thous. hectares or 5.5 percent42 43. Overviewand volume of potatoes and vegetables were increased by 2.6 thous.tones or 3.2 percent and14.9 thous.tones or 30.2 percent respectively. But other types of grains were decreased slightly,of which cereals was decreased by 63.3 thous.tones or 45.7 percent.In the main period of processing wheat growth, there was a high temperature and itinfluenced badly. It was caused the decrease of the overall total cereals. Yields of cereals,potatoes per hectare staple agricultural crops were harvested 4.7 centners and 84.8 centnersrespectively. Compared with 2004, yield of cereals and potatoes per hectare staple decreasedby 3.3 and 3.5 centners respectively. Industry In 2005, the total industrial output was 813.1 bln.tugrugs at the constant prices 2000 thatwas lower by 35.6 bln.tugrugs or 4.2 percent with the 2004. In 2005, compared with the previous year, industrial output (at constant price) has beenincreased by 1.3-76.0 percent for manufacture of tobacco products, manufacture of food productsand beverages, manufacture of furniture, manufacturing, electricity, thermal energy, steam,manufacture of other transport equipment, mining of coal and lignite, mining of metal ores,manufacture of paper and paper products, manufacture of basic metals, manufacture of rubberand plastic products, production of other non-metallic mineral products divisions and declinedby 1.6-66.1 percent for collection, purification and distribution of water, other mining andquarrying, manufacture of wood and wooden products, extraction of crude petroleum and naturalgas, manufacture of medical precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks publishing,printing and reproduction of recorded media, manufacture of fabricated metal products, exceptmachinery and equipment, manufacture of electrical machinery and equipment, manufactureof chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddler harness, andfootwear, manufacture of textiles, manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing and dyeing of fur,tanning, dressing of leather divisions etc.In 2005, compared with the 2004, production of main98 items of industrial products,such as electricity, thermal energy, coal, gold, molybdenum concentrate, copper, metal steel,metal foundries, cement, lime, metal sleeper, building door and windows, combed down, spunthread, fabrics, felt, small intestine, sausage, spirit, beer, soft drinks, wheat flour, bakery products,sweets, milk, dairy products, salt, injection and liquid medicine etc.118 products increased,distribution water, crude oil, copper concentrate, fluor spar concentrate, sawn wood, railwaysleeper, scoured wool, camel woolen blanket, carpet, knitted goods, book, newspaper, meat,bread, biscuits, alcohol, wine, macaroni noodles, fodder, disposable injection, medical tabletsetc. decreased.The following new products produced by the industrial sector by the end of 2004 suchas water plastic pipe, parquet floor, plastic conduit of electric wire, and plastic frame of floor,ceiling and door, electrical conductor wire, printing and copy paper, as well as processed bean,tofu, a meat substitute, mayonnaise, mixed infant formula of fruits, plywood, and sheet ofpolystyrene, copper foundries were included in the 2005 survey. As for the mining industry, thenew products i.e. iron and zinc ore were introduced in the market.In 2005, (at current prices) 1463.3 bln.tugrugs of industrial production was sold atdomestic and foreign market. 773.1 bln.tugrugs or 52.8 percent of the total industrial soldproduction was in the foreign market.43 44. As for composition of sold production of industry, 66.4% is mining and quarrying industry,19.5% manufacturing industry, and 14.1% electricity and water supply.Transportation For country with vast territory and relatively sparsely settled population the transportationsector is one of the important sectors of Mongolia. In the last years the transportation enterprises have been privatized and in that regardthe role of private entities in the sector has increased. Almost all vehicles for passenger andfreight transportation, post transportation vehicles, passenger automobiles and taxi have beenprivatized. Mongolian railway comprises 97 percent of national freight turnover, with 1,815 km ofrailways connecting Russia and China as well as big domestic industrial cities as Darkhan,Erdenet and Sukhbaatar. In 2005, volumes of freight and number of passenger traffic were 25.2 mln.tons and192.7 mln.people respectively. Freight turnovers reached 10267.1 mln.tons km when passengerturnover was 2696.6 million. Total transportation income was 308.1 mln.tug composed autoroad income, which was 14.4 percent, railway income 62.8 percent and air transportation income22.8 percent respectively. By 2005, the share of transportation sector in preliminary result ofGDP was 8.4 percent. Compared with 2004, volume of freight increased by 16.7% and number of passengersdecreased by 0.8% in 2005. The result of State vehicle inspection reveals that there are in total 131.2 thous. vehiclesregistered in 2005, of which 87.8 thousand cars, 27.4 thousand trucks, 11.1 thousand buses,3.6 thousand specialized vehicles and 1.3 thousand tank cars. Also, 101.6 thousand privatecars were registered which was 77.4 percent of the total cars. In 2005, total improved auto road was 6.1 thous.km, which composes of road with hardcover was 2.3 thous.km. Compared with 2004, improved auto road increased by 443.4 km,road with hard cover by 377.9 km in 2005. Information and communication technology During the last years the number of cellular and wireless telephone users has considerablyincreased. In 2002 the number of cellular and wireless telephone users was 256.8 and 14.0thousand and in 2005 these figures reached 570.9 and 23.0 thousand and increased by 2.2times and 63.9 percent respectively. There are three satellite mobile telephone service providerand 300 satellite subscriber. The number of telephone line was increased and grew from 55 per 1000 inhabitants in2002 to 63 in 2005. In 1996, first cabel television sets had established. In 2005, 20 entities were providedwith television service in 29 (duplicated) cities and settlements and connected about 77.3thousand users to the sets. In 2005, e-Mongolia, Public computerization, and Low cost internet programms werelaunched in information and communication technologys sector. Also transmission network inwestern region replaced by fiber transmission network, introduced technology of wireless internet,installed and experimentalized mobile communication CDMA 450 system in the rural area. Inthis reason, there have enabled to decrease cost of internet service, able to use wireless internetin some places of Ulaanbaatar city and habitants of aimag centers and 17 soums of the west44 45. Overviewregion use mobile telephone and high speed internet. Mobile telephone network introduced in21 province center, 99 soum and settlement and number of fixed and cellular mobile telephoneper 100 inhabitants reached to 30. Foreign trade Foreign trade plays important role in economy development of Mongolia. Since 1990there have many measures taken to liberalization of foreign trade and reduction for tariff limitationsand customs barrier were a base to developing the countrys foreign trade. In 1997, Mongolia joined World Trade Organization. Mongolia cooperates with UnitedNations, specialized organizations and other international economic organizations, excludingWTO. Thus, Mongolia pays more attention to increase the countrys export volume and tostrengthen staff capacity. For the 2005 year, total external trade turnover equaled 2249.2 mln. US dollars, ofwhich exports 1064.9 mln. US dollars and imports 1184.3 mln. US dollars. As compared withthe previous year, total external trade turnover increased by 19.0 percent, of which exportsincreased by 22.4 percent and imports by 16.0 percent respectively. The 2005 year was so pleasant year, because our exports main commodities pricessuch as copper, gold, and cashmere were increased in the world market. In the results of this,the exports income were increased and exports growth were exceed from the imports growthby 6.4 points. Because of, the foreign trade deficit was decreased by 32.0 mln. US dollarscompared with the 2004 year. In current year the average price of copper concentrate per tonreached to 555.6 US dollars. It was the highest price for the last 5 years and it is increased by94.9 percent and 10.0 percent, compared with the 2000 and 2004 year. As compared with the2004 year, mineral products exports increased by 101.0 mln. US dollars, Row & processedhides, skins, fur & articles thereof 7.4 mln. US dollars and natural precious and semi-preciousstone and metal jewellery by 88.3 mln. US dollars, which comprised high percentage in theexports. Import, as for our country includes all consuming and industrial commodities and thetotal external trade balance has turned a deficit caused by weight growth of petroleum products,which is comprised high percentage in the import. It also caused by the economic growth, particularly the manufacturing industry, miningand quarrying, trade and service sectors growth; the machinery, equipment, electric appliances,recorders, TV sets & spare parts imports increased by 54.5 mln. US dollars, mineral productsimports by 89.9 mln. US dollars, auto, air and water transport vehicles and their spare partsimports by 12.2 mln. US dollars, which are comprised high percentage in the total imports,compared with the previous year.Balance of payments The balance of payments current account surplus reached 170.4 mln. US dollars, whichwas increased by 2.7 times or 107.0 mln. US dollars compared with 2004. The goods andservice account surplus fueled the increase of current accounts surplus expansion. In 2005, the goods account surplus was grown by 19.7 mln. US dollars, and serviceaccount by 136.5 mln. US dollars respectively compared with 2004. As for the net remittancesof Mongolian citizens, the figure decreased by 8.5 percent or 12.5 mln. US dollars since 2004.This decline was mainly due channeling considerable reduction of current transfers throughbanks and other official channels. 45 46. Capital and financial accounts deficit reached to 29.9 mln. US dollars, which wasincreased by 6.8 million US dollars compared with 2004.Meanwhile, the foreign direct investment reached to 97.3 mln. US dollars in 2005, theforeign direct investment increased by 4.7 percent compared with previous year. Portfolioinvestment balance equaled to zero, meanwhile the other investment turned a deficit of 127.2mln. US dollars. As a result of these developments, the overall balance of payment surplus reached134.5 mln. US dollars showing an increase by 3.9 times or 99.9 mln. US dollars compared with2004.Housing, community service At the national level the housing stock reached 7371.2 thous.sq.m, in 2005 and increasedby 10.6 percent compared with 2002, by 6.8 percent compared with 2003, and by 3.4 percentcompared with 2004. In 2005, 277.5 thous.sq.m housings were put into exploitation. 96.7 percentof total housing area was for private houses and apartments and has increased by 6.5 pointsfrom 2004. Number of plumbs reached 1039 In 2005 and increased by 3.7 percent compared with2004. The number of households, using distributed water in 2005 reached 273.4 thousand,which increased by 11.7 thousand households or by 4.8 percent compared with 2004. In 2004 at the national level was 349 public baths, in 2005 number of baths reached369, and increased by 5.7 percent. At the national level 740 hotels have worked in 2005, which increased by 19.4 percentcompared with 2004. Tourism In 2005, by duplicated numbers about 2.1 mln inbound and outbound passengers enteredand traveled through immigration posts and the number increased by 14.2 percent comparedwith 2004. In 2005, foreigners passed through immigration posts, of which 49.7 percent of themwere Chinese and 18.0 percent of Russian, 9.0 percent of Korean, 3.8 percent of Japanese,3.0 percent of American passengers were registered and 16.5 percent was calculated as ofother countries of inbound passengers. In 2005, 344.7 thousand foreigners entered in the country. Since then it was increasedby 13.0 percent compared with 2004. Foreign passengers visited our country of 81.9 percentof them were to stay for 30 days, 14.1 percent for 90 days and 4.0 percent for 90 and moredays. Foreigners entered through immigration posts, of which 3.8 percent was from Americancontinent , 65.2 percent was from East Asia and Pacific Ocean regions, 30.6 percent was fromEurope, 0.2 percent was from South Asia and 0.2 percent was Middle East regions and Africancontinent, in 2005. In 2005 as of the total number of inbound passengers, 51.7 percent were enteredthrough Zamiin-Uud immigration post, 15.0 percent through Buyant-Ukhaa, 8.2 percent throughAltanbulag, 5.9 percent through Shivee-khuren and 19.2 percent through. Other posts.46 47. OverviewAs for outbound Mongolian, 740.1 thousand passengers traveled through immigrationposts, of which 88.3 percent for private purposes, while the majority of outbound passengerstraveled to China, Russia and Korea.The majority of outbound Mongolian passengers and inbound foreign passengerstraveled for 30 days. Household income, expenditure and living standards As results of the Household income and expenditure sample survey of the latest year,household total income has decreased in terms of current prices of the year In 2005 income from wages and salaries increased by 22 percent salaries at the nationallevel compared with 2004, by 45 percent compared with 2003, and as for pension income , itincreased by 15 percent compared with 2004 and by 51 percent compared with 2003 respectively. However, real increases adjusted by inflation for income from wages and salaries were24 percent in 2005 compared with 2004 and 33 percent compared with 2003. For income frompensions and allowances increased by 17 percent in 2005 from 2004 and by 38 percent from2003. The total household income (expenditure) is defined by adding up the amounts ofhousehold monetary income (expenditure), own consumption and gifts received free of charge.In 2005, prepared food income from household own business decreased by 55 percent onaverage in country from 2004 and by 42 percent from 2003 at the national level. In rural areas food prepared from own business consisted 52.3 percent, however, thedecrease of total income has influenced to the changes of structure. As for the householdmonetary income composition, expenditures on meat and meat products, housing, educationand health services have increased dramatically. According to results of sample surveys carried out with the purpose of defining householdliving standards and poverty level in 1995, 1998 and 2002-2004, rural areas experience morepoverty than urban areas. However unequal distribution of income among population is higherin urban areas. EducationLiteracy rate of population aged at least fifteen was 97.6 percent according to thepopulation and housing census 2000.During the 2005-2006 academic year total 556.9 thousand pupils had accessed in 724schools which are higher in 29.0 thousands in comparison with 2002-2003 academic year butit decreased by 0.4 thousand compared with 2004-2005 academic year. Total number of studentswho study in external and evening courses reached 10.7 thousand in 2005-2006 academicyear and decreased by 1.4 thousand or by 11.7 percent compared with 2004-2005 academicyear.Number of students studying in universities, institutes, colleges, technical and vocationalschools is increasing dramatically year by year and this number reached 162.0 thousand, totallyin 2005-2006 academic year. And of those, 70.4 percent of students study in public schools, 29.6 percent is regardedin private schools.Number of graduate students from all level of schools has a tendency to increase. Forexample, in 2004-2005 academic year the number of graduates reached 128.1 thousand as47 48. increased by 9.9 thousand compared with 2003-2004 academic year and by 25.2 thousand incomparison with 2002-2003 academic year.In 2005-2006 academic year number of pupils dropping out of school, aged between 7-15reached 9.0 thousand. The drop-out rate of 2004-2005 academic year was 2.0 andin 2005-2006 academic year it reached 1.6 with a decrease of 0.4 points.The number of new entrants of the first grade increased constantly until 2004-2005academic year but in 2005-2006 academic year 55.7 thousand pupils in total were involved inthe first grade indicates a decrease of 27.5 percent compared with 2004-2005 academic yearIt was caused by the new 11-year educational system of school enrolment for the ageof 7 During the previous academic years, children aged at least up to 7, 7 and 8 used to beenrolled. .The number of children per teacher in secondary schools had a tendency to increasetill 2004-2005. For instance, this indicator was determined as 25.4 in 2002-2003 academicyear, 25.8 in 2003-2004 academic year and this number reached 26.0 points in 2004-2005academic year. However, this indicator has decreased in 2005-2006 academic year and reached24.6, shows a decrease of 1.4 points. The number of secondary school teachers has beenincreasing and in 2005-2006 academic year this number reached 22.6 thousand as increasedby 1.9 thousand teachers, or by 9.0 percent compared with 2002-2003 academic year and by1.2 thousand teachers, or by 5.4 percent compared with 2004-2005 academic years.The number of graduate students from internal universities and institutes has beenincreasing and in 2004-2005 academic year, totally 22.4 thousand students graduated of which27.1 percentage of graduates were majored in commercial and business management, 12.4percent of them were majored in educational studies and teaching, and 10.0 percentages wascalculated as specialized in engineering.While 10.9 percent of total graduates were majored in law studies in 2003-2004academic year , in 2004-2005 this indicator decreased and reached 7.5 percent, totally.Total 95.0 thousand children have been involved in kindergartens in 2005-2006 academicyear, increased by 1.1 percent compared with 2003-2004 academic year and by 8.4 percentcompared with 2004-2005 academic year.The number of employees of scientific institutions was 3.2 thousand in 2005 in totally,of which 70.4 percent was accounted for full-time employees.While the number of employees for per scientific institution was calculated as 71 in2002 on average, it decreased to 62 in 2003 and 56 in 2004 and increased to 58 in 2005.The expenditure of institutional sector was calculated that 29.8 percent of which wastechnical, 23.9 percent was natural, 11.6 percent was agricultural, 10.5 percent was medical,11.0 percent was for social science and humanitarian sectors, and 13.3 percent was spent onuniversities in 2005.The total number of public libraries and readers tends to decrease within the wholecountry. For instance, in 2002 there were total 307 public libraries of 296.8 thousand permanentreaders were counted within the country, but this number has been decreasing and reached283 public libraries that served only 205.8 thousand readers in 2005.Monasteries and templesIn Mongolia thanks to democratic revolution in the countrys society in 1990 and approvalof freedom of citizens worshipping and praying /by new Constitution in 1992/, new monasteries48 49. Overviewand temples were started to be built again. First of all, Buddhist monasteries and temples werebeing built in large numbers and it was followed by increased number of establishment ofMuslims, Christ and other religious sects have been built in urban areas.Number of temples and monasteries was totaled 240 in 2005, increasing by 6.7 percentfrom previous year. By 2005, 65.4 percent of the total monasteries were accounted for Buddhistwhile 29.2 percent-Christs, 2.9-Musilms and 2.5-other religious sect temples, respectively.By 2005 14.1 percent of total temples has been located in Western region while 24.6percent-Khangai region, 21.7 percent Central region, 7.9 percent Eastern region and 31.7percent-Capital city of Ulaanbaatar, respectively.By 2005, 4.4 thousand of employees have been calculated as working in religiousmonasteries and churches by 2005 and 2.6 thousand of them were monks who hold religiousservice. As for the number of monks who hold religious service, it was estimated by regionsthat 206 or 7.8 percent of them were in Western, 432 or 16.4 percent were in Khangai, 299 or11.4 percent were in Central, 157 or 6.0 percent were in Eastern regions and 1533 or 58.4percent of them in Capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Number of students studying in religious schoolsand datsans increased by 12.7percent to 5.6 thousand from previous 2004 and number of non-adult apprentices who studies religious conceptions at home increased by 2.1 times and reached2.4 thousand respectively. Public health of populationThe structure of Public Health Institutions changed and the system of Family hospitalsnewly formed Since Mongolia has transited into the Market Economy of 1990. Moreover threekind of medical services have been formed:1. Health Insurance system2. Chargeable system3. Free of charge system.By 2005 there were 33.6 thousand employees in health sector organizations, of which6.8 thousand senior physicians, 8.0 thousand nurses, 0.8 thousand pharmacists, 14.5 thousandmid level specialists of hospital, 3.6 thousand physicians and other employees, calculated as1.2 nurses were accounted for per senior physician.Number of senior physicians was 6823 in 2002 but it decreased by to 6637 by 2.7percent in 2003 and decreased to 6590 by 0.7 percent in 2004 compared with 2003 but itincreased to 6788 by 0.3 percent in 2005 respectively, compared with 2004. There wereaccounted 375 people for per senior physician by 2005. In recent years, number of physiciansdealing with pediatrics, physical-therapy decreased psychiatrists, dermatologists, communicativeand venereal diseases has while the number of physician for forensic specialists, tuberculosis,and X-ray physicians tends to increased.In 2005 number of hospital beds was calculated as 18.3 thousand and it decreased by0.5 percent compared with 2004.In 2005, 72 hospital beds, 27 senior physicians and 57 mid level specialists werecalculated for per 10000 people.Number of patients being sick by communicative diseases were 37.7 thousand in 2002and was decreasing to 26.9 thousand in 2003 and increased to 31.3 thousand in 2004 and 32.3thousand in 2005. It was caused by an increase of incidents of communicative diseases, includingviral hepatitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis. 49 50. Total expense of health insurance was accounted for 8.0 billion tugrugs in 2005 withincrease of 9.4 percent than 2004. Share of health sector expense in central government budgetincreased by 0.8 points to 10.5 percent in 2005 from the previous year.Social insurance, welfareTotal income of social welfare reached 43.3 bln.tugrugs in 2005 and increased by 1.8times compared with 2004. The government budget income occupied 99.9 percent of totalincome in 2005.Total social expenditure reached 42.0 bln.tugrugs in 2005 and increased by 17.7bln.tugrugs or by 1.7 times from 2004. Compared with previous year the share of pension intotal social insurance expenditure has decreased, whereas the share of allowance in totalexpenditure has increased.Number of people received social welfare services reached 754.8 thousand in 2005and increased by 5.8 times from 2002, by 5.0 times from 2003, and by 4.9 times from 2004.Number of people received child care allowance reached 53.9 thousand in 2005. It wasdecreased by 8.8 percent compared with 2004. In 2005, 647.5 thousand children from 292.4thousand families were involved in Government Child money program and 18.1 bln.tugrugswere spent for this allowance in totally .Number of pensioners increased by 6.4 thousand compared with 2004 and reached276.8 thousand in 2005. In 2005 65.0 percent of total allocated pension were pension for theelders, 17.8 percent for disabled people, 12.6 percent for people who lost foster, and 4.6 percentwere pension for military. Among all pensioners the percent of elder pensioners has a tendencyto decrease, however, the percent of people who received disability pension has the tendencyto increase. In particular, in 2002 the percent of elder pensioners was 67.4, the percent ofdisabled people was 14.6, but in 2005 percent for the elders decreased to 65.0 and for disabilitypeople this number reached 17.8 percents respectively while it was 14.6 in 2002. CrimeThe number of committed offences have decreased by slightly since 2003. In 2005,total committed offences provided by regions. This was 8.3 percent for West region, 15.0 percentfor Khangai region, 18.7 percent Central region, 8.7 percent for East region and 47.1 percentfor Ulaanbaatar.In 2005 about 19.8 thousand offences registered, of which 25.9 percent were crimeagainst human life and health, 51.1 percent were crime against ownership right, 9.1 percentwere crime against social safety, 6.8 percent were crime concerned with traffic cases, andthe percent except above mentioned was for other cases. The negligent murder freedomdeclined since 2004, an attempted murder and rape crime increased.In 2005, 4.5 thousand crime against human life and health were registered, showingincreases of 0.3 percent compared with the previous year.In 2005 about 352 crime against child, family and social fabric were registered, of which90.9 percent were rape crime. Crime against child, family and social fabric decreased by 13.7percent and rape crime by 15.3 percent as compared with the previous year. In 2005, 48.4percent were registered of total rape crime in Ulaanbaatar.In 2005, 75.1 percent theft of property, 3.7 percent mugging, 6.6 percent robber, 7.6percent fraud and 4.2 percent forgery of crime against ownership right. But indecent assault96.5 percent were of crime against social safety. In 2005 about indecent assault were increased50 51. Overviewby between 14.7-47.4 percent in Bayankhongor, Dornod, Uvs, Khovd and Khovsgol aimagscompared with previous year.In 2005, as for the number of people, sentenced, the coverage dealing with women wascalculated as 8.6 percent and 11.8 percent dealing with children under the age of 16 and as forchildren, sentenced female children aged under 16 were calculated as 5.9 percent . The numberof children sentenced has been increased since 2003.In 2005, 2.0 thousand people died, of which 75.5 percent or 1.5 thousand of them werecaused by crimes against human life and health, 18.2 percent was from traffic cases and 6.3percent was from oth