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Marti REFORMA JUSTIIEI

Judectorii propun reformarea justiieiLa 20 mai 2015, n cadrul unei conferine, Centrul pentru Reform n Sistemul Judectoresc (CRSJ) a fcutpulic un pac!et de modi"cri le#islati$e, care se refer la 1% aspecte diferite& Cele 1% aspecte $i'ea'or#ani'area udectoreasc, procedura ci$il i procedura penal&

*niiati$ele pri$ind organizarea judectoreascpresupun reor#ani'area CSJ, astfel nc+t 1% udectori s "enumii din r+ndul udectorilor de carier, iar 1 - din mediul academic, al a$ocailor i al societii ci$iledi$i'area Curii de /pel C!iinu n dou curi de apel - pentru mun& C!iinu i, respecti$, raionale dincentrul rii. maorarea numrului de inspectori udectori de la 5 la 15 i introducerea personalului cares-i asiste, precum i selectarea maoritii inspectorilor-udectori ( din 15) din societatea ci$ilin$estirea CS cu dreptul de a $eri"ca a$erile udectorilor i de a-i eliera din funcie n ca' c

udectorul nu poate proa le#alitatea do+ndirii a$erii. transferul 3epartamentului de /dministrareJudectoreasc de la inisterul Justiiei (J) la CS. re#lementarea prin le#e a posiilitii ncadrrii nstatele de personal ale *4J a formatorilor din 6. crearea n 7arlament a unei Comisii permanente pentrusupra$e#!erea e8ecutrii !otr+rilor udectoreti. introducerea dreptului persoanelor de a sesi'a CurteaConstituional, drept "ltru naional nainte de sesi'area Curii 6uropene a 3repturilor 9mului (Ct639) mrirea numrului udectorilor Curii Constituionale de la la 12&

*niiati$ele pri$ind procedura civil$i'ea' ac!itarea ta8ei de stat dup terminarea procesului i nu la

iniierea procesului, cum este n pre'ent. introducerea unei sin#ure ci de atac n cau'ele simple.instituirea medierii oli#atorii n prima instan n cau'ele ci$ile. i udecarea n prim instan a pricinilorpri$ind in$estiiile strine, de un interes pulic #eneral, ori de re'onan, de un complet compus dintr-un

udector de carier i doi udectori de onoare& 7ropunerile de modi"care a procedurii penale includcontestarea sentinelor pronunate pentru infraciuni uoare i mai puin #ra$e cu recurs n curile de apele8clu'+nd posiilitatea e8aminrii acestor cau'e de ctre CSJ. aplicarea sanciunilor contra$enionale

udectorilor e8clusi$ de udectori i crearea curilor cu urai& /utorii iniiati$elor de asemenea propunat+t pentru procedura ci$il, c+t i cea penal, stailirea termenelor de e8aminare a cau'elor : lunpentru prima instan i trei luni pentru instana de apel&

3ei la 20 mai 2015 a fost anunat o perioad de consultri de ;0 de 'ile, aceasta s-a nc!eiat la 1 iunie&La 1 iunie 2015, 1 or#ani'aii ne#u$ernamentale au pre'entat CRSJ-ului opinia comun cu pri$ire lainiiati$ele lansate& Semnatarii i-au e8primat surprinderea cu pri$ire #raa cu care iniiati$ele suntpromo$ate i cu pri$ire la esena iniiati$elor propuse, deoarece maoritatea propunerilor nu sunt

pre$'ute sau $in n contradicie cu Strate#ia de Reform a Sectorului Justiiei pentru anii 2011-201(SRSJ)& Cele 1 94

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9n 20 a@ 2015, at a conference in t!e udiciar@ reform center (CRSJ) made pulic a pacAa#e of le#islati$ec!an#es, B!ic! co$ers 1% dierent aspects& >!e 1% issues related to t!e or#ani'ation of laB, ci$iprocedure and criminal procedure&

>!e initiati$es in$ol$e reor#ani'in# t!e Supreme Court on udicial or#ani'ation so t!at 1% ud#es eappointed from amon# career ud#es and 1 - academics, laB@ers and ci$il societ@. Court of /ppeal splitinto tBo courts of appeal - for mun& C!isinau, respecti$el@, in t!e district center of t!e countr@. increasin#t!e numer of inspectors ud#es from 5 to 15 and introducin# t!em to assist sta and selectin# most

inspectors ud#es ( of 15) of ci$il societ@. CS in$estin# Bit! t!e ri#!t to c!ecA fortunes ud#es and todismiss t!e case ecause t!e ud#e can not proe t!e le#alit@ of acDuirin# propert@. transfer of t!e udiciaadministration department of t!e inistr@ of Justice (oJ) CS. re#ulation @ laB t!e possiilit@ ofemplo@ment in 4*J sta of trainers in t!e 6. creation of a parliamentar@ standin# committees to monitort!e enforcement of ud#ments. introduction of t!e ri#!t to appeal to t!e Constitutional Court, as a nationa"lter efore referral to t!e 6uropean Court of Euman Ri#!ts (6CER) and increasin# t!e numer ofConstitutional Court ud#es from -12&

*nitiati$es aimed fee on ci$il procedure state after t!e initiation of t!e process, not t!e process, as it isnoB. t!e introduction of a sin#le re$ieB in simple cases. imposition of mandator@ mediation in ci$il cases int!e "rst instance. and B!erefores ud#ment at "rst instance on forei#n in$estment, a #eneral pulicinterest, or resonance, a formation composed of one ud#e and tBo ud#es career of !onor& >!e proposedamendments to t!e criminal procedure include c!allen#in# Sentencin# li#!ter and less serious appeal tocourts of appeal, rulin# e8aminin# suc! cases @ SCJ. appl@in# sanctions for ud#es e8clusi$el@ of ud#esand t!e ur@ creation& >!e aut!ors also propose initiati$es for ot! ci$il procedure and t!e criminatimetale for e8aminin# t!e cases - si8 mont!s for t!e "rst instance and t!ree mont!s to appeal&

/lt!ou#! on 20 a@ 2015 Bas announced a consultation period of ;0 da@s, B!ic! ended on 1 June& 9n 1June 2015, 1 4!e si#natories e8pressed t!eir surpriseaout t!e !aste Bit! B!ic! initiati$es are promoted on t!e sustance of t!e proposed measures, ecausemost proposals are not pro$ided or contradict t!e Justice Sector Reform Strate#@ for 2011-201 @ears(SRSJ)& >!e 1 4

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Recomandarea este dictat de $olumul insu"cient de dosare pentru crearea instanelor speciali'ate,precum i de e8periena neplcut a Repulicii oldo$a n ceea ce pri$ete instanele speciali'ate&

CRSJ a fost creat de un #rup din 1I udectori& Co-preedinii acestuia sunt 7reedintele Curii Supreme deJustiie (CSJ) i 7reedintele Consiliului Superior al a#istraturii (CS)&

CRJM recomand m!untirea procedurii de numire "i promo#are a judectori$or

La 25 iunie 2015, CRJ a pre'entat documentul de politici *mplicarea e8ecuti$ului i le#islati$ului nnumirea i promo$area udectorilor : contraalan sau tirire a independenei ustiiei& 3ocumentu

anali'ea' implicarea e8ecuti$ului i le#islati$ului n procesul de numire a udectorilor, recon"rmare nfuncie a acestora dup primii 5 ani de acti$itate, n transferarea i promo$area udectorilor& /utoriirecomand e8cluderea competenelor parlamentului n ceea ce pri$ete numirea i promo$area

udectorilor, precum i clari"carea procedurilor de numire, recon"rmare i promo$are a udectorilor dectre 7reedintele rii& Recomandrile se a'ea' pe cele mai une practici europene i standardeleComisiei de la Keneia&

%e&ea pri#ind testarea inte&ritii profesiona$e este neconstituiona$

La 1 aprilie 2015, Curtea Constituional a declarat n parte neconstituional Le#ea pri$ind testareainte#ritii profesionale (nr& ;25201;)& *nstana s-a a'at n mare parte pe 9pinia Comisiei de la Keneiadin decemrie 201Icu pri$ire la aceast le#e& Curtea Constituional a stailit c #araniile unui procesec!itail n materie penal se aplic procedurii pre$'ute de Le#ea nr& ;25, dat "ind #ra$itatea acu'aiilori consecinele eurii testrii inte#ritii - pierderea locului de munc, iar #araniile procedurale din Le#eanr& ;25 nu sunt su"ciente pentru a asi#ura un proces ec!itail& 6a a mai stailit c aceasta nu conine#aranii pentru a protea $iaa pri$at&Curtea Constituional a depistat mai mult lacune n Le#ea nr& ;25& Le#ea nu stailete clar suiecii fade care se aplic testarea inte#ritii profesionale. procedura testrii inte#ritii poate " pornit fre8istena unor moti$e preliminare c persoana este predispus s comit acte de corupie. testorii deinte#ritate au competene discreionare nelimitate n reali'area testrii, iar persoana testat nu se poateapra dec+t dup ce a fost sancionat disciplinar& ai mult, persoana testat nu are acces deplin laproele rele$ante, iar Le#ea nr& ;25 nu acord or#anelor disciplinare nici o putere discreionar, ele "indoli#ate s eliere'e persoana din funcie dac acesta a MadmisN o nclcare a oli#aiilor sale anticorupie&6lierarea oli#atorie din funcie a a#entului pulic care Ma admis nclcrile pre$'ute de art& alin& (2) ale#iiN nu asi#ur respectarea principiului proporionalitii dintre aaterile comise i sanciunea aplicat&

9n 1G June 2015, CRSJ or#ani'ed a pulic e$ent in B!ic! CRSJ initiati$es Bere oOciall@ sent t!e inister ofJustice& /lt!ou#! t!e pacAa#e Bas suect to pulic consultation until /u#ust 25 Bas not pulis!ed an@

information on t!e results of t!e consultation, includin# t!e $ieBs recei$ed, t!e te8t considered andforBarded to t!e inister of Justice& *t seems, !oBe$er, t!at t!e initiati$es on t!e introduction of indi$iduaappeal to t!e Constitutional Court, ud#es of !onor and t!e ur@ Bere not included in t!e pacAa#eforBarded to t!e inister of Justice& P@ mid-Septemer, a pacAa#e of laBs !as not @et een set forappro$al @ t!e inistr@ of Justice&

*n Jul@ 2015, t!e Supreme Court proposed t!e creation of speciali'ed courts in e8aminin# corruptionoenses& >!e initiati$e proposes t!e creation of a separate ud#es, a separate appeals courts and aspeciali'ed panel at t!e Supreme Court to e8amine t!e causes of corruption& *t is in$oAed as a usti"cationand inconsistent udicial practice Duestionale indi$iduali'ation of sentences in corruption cases& CRJstud@ on speciali'ation of ud#es recommends #i$in# up t!e practice of estalis!in# speciali'ed courts andstren#t!enin# t!e mec!anism of speciali'ation of e8istin# ud#es to t!e courts& >!e recommendation isdictated @ t!e inadeDuac@ of "les for t!e creation of speciali'ed courts and t!e unpleasant e8perience ofoldo$a re#ardin# speciali'ed courts&

CRSJ Bas created @ a #roup of 1I ud#es& *ts co-c!airs are 7resident of t!e Supreme Court (SCJ) and7resident of t!e Superior Council of a#istrac@ (CS)&Q

CRJ recommends impro$in# t!e procedure for appointment and promotion of ud#es

9n 25 June 2015 presented t!e document polic@ CRJ in$ol$ement in t!e e8ecuti$e and le#islati$eappointment or promotion - counteralance or curtailment of udicial independence & >!e documentanal@'es t!e e8ecuti$e and le#islati$e in$ol$ement in t!e appointment of ud#es, t!eir reappointmentsafter t!e "rst 5 @ears of t!e transfer and promotion of ud#es& >!e aut!ors ad$ise a#ainst 7arliamentFspoBers in t!e appointment and promotion of ud#es and clarif@ t!e procedures for appointment andpromotion of ud#es recon"rmation @ t!e 7resident& Recommendations are ased on t!e est 6uropeanpractices and standards of t!e Kenice Commission&

http://crjm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CRJM-DP-Numire-Jud-2015-06-25.pdfhttp://crjm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CRJM-DP-Numire-Jud-2015-06-25.pdfhttp://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2014)039-ehttp://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2014)039-ehttp://crjm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CRJM-DP-Numire-Jud-2015-06-25.pdfhttp://crjm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CRJM-DP-Numire-Jud-2015-06-25.pdfhttp://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2014)039-ehttp://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2014)039-e

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LaB on professional inte#rit@ testin# is unconstitutional

9n 1 /pril 2015 t!e Constitutional Court declared unconstitutional t!e part of professional inte#rit@testin# /ct (no& ;25201;)& >!e court relied !ea$il@ on t!e opinion of t!e Kenice Commission in 3ecemer201I on t!is laB& Constitutional Court estalis!ed t!at t!e #uarantees of a fair trial in criminal proceedin#sapplies pro$ided @ LaB no& ;25, #i$en t!e se$erit@ of t!e c!ar#es and t!e conseDuences of failureinte#rit@ testin# - o loss, and procedural safe#uards of LaB& ;25 are insuOcient to ensure a fair trial& S!ealso estalis!ed t!at t!ere are no safe#uards to protect pri$ac@&

>!e Constitutional Court !as found more #aps in LaB no& ;25& >!e laB does not clearl@ estalis! t!e

suects to B!ic! applies professional inte#rit@ testin#. inte#rit@ testin# procedure can e started Bit!outt!e e8istence of preliminar@ #rounds t!at t!e person is prone to commit acts of corruption. inte#rit@ tester!a$e unlimited discretion in maAin# testin# and tested person can not onl@ defend !imself after ein#disciplined& oreo$er, t!e person tested does not !a$e full access to rele$ant e$idence, and LaB no& ;25does not #i$e an@ discretion disciplinar@ odies, t!e@ are oli#ed to release t!e person from oOce if !eadmitted reac! of its oli#ations corruption& *ssue indin# function of pulic oOcials admitted$iolations under article& para& (2) t!e laB does ensure proportionalit@ of $iolations committed and t!epenalt@ imposed&

Crjm Centru$ de Resurse Juridice din Mo$do#aCrs

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